Berlin Wall versus “The Wall” Essay

In this novel, the narrator mentions about the Wall that is built across the church which force some people in Gilead getting separate from the others. Margaret Atwood uses the reference of the Berlin wall to describe the wall in this novel. The Berlin wall was built by the Democratic republic to separate Germany into East Berlin and West Berlin. Proves of that will be the similarities of both wall including the barriers that placed around these walls and the consequences of the rebellions who against the public policies and usage of these walls. From the novel, Offred describes the wall as â€Å"the gates have sentries and there are ugly new floodlights mounted on metal posts above it, and barbed wire along the bottom and broken glass set in concrete along the top.† (Page 40). This description matches the security status of the Berlin Wall: guard towers were placed along large concrete walls, many kinds of â€Å"anti-vehicle trenches† and other defences were built around the wall. These two walls had a common purpose which is to prevent people to cross the line between social statuses or to prevent people from massive emigration and defection. Also many people who tried to cross the Berlin Wall ended up dead, because those people are trying to go against the rule made by the Germany Democratic Republicans; the same thing happened in the novel, when people tries to go against the rule which made by the Gilead government, for example, the Guardians who committed the Gender Treachery (Page 53) receives death penalty and their body are hanging onto the wall which reminds everyone about the authority. Therefore, the wall from the handmaid’s tale is referenced from the Berlin wall because both of the walls are the legacy of separation within the nation. The Gilead The name of the formal U.S.A. is Gilead, it is originally comes from the bible. Margaret Atwood uses this name because from the Bible, it describes Gilead as a country that is always in the war, this matches the situation from the novel, the handmaids’ talks about the war all the time: â€Å"â€Å"The war is going well, I hear† she says. â€Å"Praise be,† I reply.† (Page 24).  Furthermore, the country Gilead from the novel was very spiritual, which connect to the bible.

Building stone conservation

The construction industry and its activities have an important role to play in socioeconomic development and quality of life. Construction activity accounts for more than 50% of the national outlays. Building Construction costs registered an increase in rates year after year at scales much faster than inflation. It is seen that in view of the increase in cost for basic input materials like steel, cement brick timber and other materials as well as the cost of construction labour, buildings cost increase at around 20% to 30% annually even when inflation is in single digit.Even though income levels of people are by and large brought in line with the levels of inflation through inflation indexed rise in salaries, year after year, housing is moving beyond the reach of the majority of the people. The reducing housing size for various categories in consecutive years in respect of the plinth areas, nature of specifications even with increased income levels would indicate the rapid increase i n cost of construction.The urban population growth has increased to more than 30%, and has made the need for adequate housing for low income people a very important concern for the government. However, the rush to respond to these needs seems to result in a low quality housing that does not adequately match the needs of these people. In countries where construction contributed 3-5% to GDP, an implication for development policy was that unless the construction industry grew faster than the economy as a whole it might constrain national development (Han and Ofori, 2001).The construction industry is a main contributor to the national economy, therefore the more developed the industry is the more the contribution to the economy. Similarly, a developing economy leads to more construction projects and purchasing ower means affordable projects. The interlink relation between the construction industry and the economy makes it clear that development can not occur without the other, although a growing construction industry does not necessarily mean a developing industry nor economy.In fact, the increase in construction prices could cause an artificial indication of the contribution of the construction industry to the GDP and economy. Furthermore the increase in construction costs always occurs faster than the increase in the GDP/capita. Approximate costs generally include mechanical and electrical installations, but exclude furniture, loose or special quipment, and external works. They also exclude fees for professional services and permission fees. The costs shown are appropriate to local specifications and standards.This should be borne in mind when attempting comparisons with similarly described building types in other countries. One of the main barriers to sustainability and sustainable construction will be affordability. The construction industry in developing countries cannot afford to make any dramatic changes but has to start improving the existing technology an d local resources it has. In less than two decades, the construction costs have increased by a considerable rate. This is in respect of the normal types of housing construction.Still higher levels of costs are registered for using better finishes and amenities. The current situation of un- affordability, necessitates the need for using economical solutions and appropriate designs and construction materials which can bring down the cost of construction within the affordability levels of the people, as identified in the Agenda 21 for sustainable construction in Developing Countries which concerns with construction economic efficiency through national and international housing policies that ensure adequate, affordable and sustainable housing.Authors such as Adebayo (2000), McIntosh (2000) and Aboutorabi (2000) has addressed out that the sustainability development of the built environment is significantly linked to affordability, and affordability will remain a key barrier to sustainabi lity. CONCLUSION The development of the construction industry should lead to affordable construction activities and materials, which is one of the main issues of sustainability in the developing countries. It seems that the development of the construction industry to achieve efficiency, quality, affordability and then sustainability is strongly tied to the economy.

Progressive Insurance Essay

Teenagers and young adults in today’s time usually have minds of their own. I honestly believe family, friends, and the media all play major parts in their lives and have great influence on them. Most people think that television, cellphones, and social networking are the causes of their corrupt minds, but in all reality every little aspect has influence on them in some way. Television, cellphones, and social networks, better known as â€Å"the media† plays a great influence on teenagers that’s the new trend at this present time, that’s all teenagers know. Even though family and friends are teenager’s biggest support, they feel the need to run to more. Teenagers and young adults honestly feel as if they can be themselves on these sites sad, but very true. You will soon find out that teenagers will open up and express themselves to Facebook, twitter, and instagram before they open up and talk to their parents about life issues they go through. Right now that’s all teenagers really knows to do. Parents do not enforce rules like they use too. Parents do not make it mandatory that the family have dinner together at the family table. Most parents don’t sit down and talk to their children to make sure they’re doing a good job in school. Days now have parents working two jobs because there’s only one parent in the homes. You also have parents on these social websites with their children making them feel as if it’s okay to do some of those things. After observing the masses, the media has the most influence over our teenagers. It’s sad, but it’s definitely true. Parents need to go back and fix these things, and make better examples for their young ones. It’s never too late.

Applications of Machiavelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Applications of Machiavelli - Essay Example Since a corporation is viewed as a human being sometimes, he may forget to look at the grievances of his employees. If a manager does not understand the grievances of his/her juniors then it becomes very difficult for them to address their challenge. If this does not happen then the leader is likely to face rebellion and therefore a good leader must have his fingers at the pulse of his/her employees. John and Johnson Company have applied this option through its strong business ethics principle. The company exhibits strong business ethics whenever conducting its business. While collaborating with the manufacturers, John and Johnson ensure that there is a strong client-customer relationship. It feeds the manufacturers with the required information on the products customers require, defining their features and characteristics. Additionally, the company ensures good relationships with its customers, especially in meeting their needs and responding to their queries. Thus, it observes mora ls and ethical business relations with its customers. It avoids the use of child labor, provides the customers with safe products, and even educates the customers on the various products they provide to them. The author believes that any good leader to be successful must be able to maintain an air of power. He proposes that the leader should always have the last word despite listening to advises from various sources. He is insists that it is not good for a leader to let others know what he/she is thinking about. Another important lesson that we learn from Machiavelli is that good managers should be able to appeal to people’s passions. Just like a good leader, a corporation should strive to gain human loyalty. This will help the leader gain recognition, reliability, and loyalty from his/her juniors. In the business arena, this is called the principle of marketing which involves creating a strong brand image. John and Johnson Company has managed to create a good brand image whi ch is attracting and maintain loyal customers to their company. There are various definitions regarding branding. According to American Marketing Association, branding refers to the name, sign, symbol, or design that is meant to identify a good, product, and services and distinguish from one seller to another. According to this definition, branding is not just the concept of marketing your product and making it known but it is the concept of differentiating a product or a service from one seller to another. According to the American marketing Association, a good band must be able to deliver the intended message clearly in addition to confirming the credibility of the product or service. A good brand should also be able to connect your target prospects emotionally and motivate the buyer in addition to concreting customer loyalty. Since time in memorial, brand has been seen as a part of the product to cause fashion. With this in mind, communication strategy towards the brand, has been working on exposing brand image of a certain product. According to (Aaker & Joachimsthaler), the traditional way of branding was only concerned with building the brand image, which according to them was only leading to short-term results. According to (Kapferer), a brand is supposed to be disclosing hidden qualities of the product or the service that people cannot come into contact or see. Moreover, Machiavelli teaches the value of always watching our back as good managers. In his

LITERATURE REVIEW Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LITERATURE REVIEW - Research Paper Example Equally important, security and monitoring of the movement of narcotics drugs strongly indicate laxity of the responsible agencies because of the increasing accessibility of the drugs to many users and dealers, including minors. In relation to monitoring of narcotics drugs, the agencies responsible for the role should enhance surveillance on all possible channels of accessing and distributing drugs including prescription drugs. Three main concepts and ideas will be explored in the literature review in relation to the problem statement of the research study. The first is investigating pertinent factors that contribute to the increasing abuse of narcotic drugs in the society in addition to the recent policies and regulations aimed at preventing accessibility to narcotic drugs. To collect relevant information pertaining to the concept, authoritative sources from medical, legal, sociological and psychological backgrounds will be used. One of the authoritative sources is a journal by Barrett and Veerman titled â€Å"Children Who Use Drugs: The Need for More Clarity on State Obligations in International Law.† Narcotics drugs are increasingly being accessed through prescription and this is the second concept of investigating the problem statement in the literature review. Patients with chronic ailments are legally permitted to use some of the illegal narcotics drugs under strict medical prescription (Howe, 1957). However, the effects that the drugs impart on the prescribed users are a matter of concern to policy makers because it influences the society’s perception to the drugs. In particular, the outcome of the drugs on the prescribed patients such as dependency or addiction and their overall effectiveness in managing the intended medical condition will be examined. The accessibility of prescribed drugs in stores could encourage members of the society to conspire with pharmaceutical

The five forces analysis for Morrisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The five forces analysis for Morrisons - Essay Example This research will begin with the description of bargaining power of buyers. Buyers have fairly strong bargaining power because they have a vast range of choices.   Prices are highly competitive so buyers can easily switch to other brands without any loss. The cost of switching is particularly low for products that are standardized and offer little differentiating features. Around 94% of the customers have a choice of at least three supermarkets at their disposal within a time frame of 15 minutes. Suppliers in this sector have fairly weak bargaining power due to strong brand presence of supermarkets. Suppliers fear the risk of losing their contracts with the large supermarkets, including Morrisons. Therefore, it is an easy task for such retailers to lock in suppliers at low costs. Furthermore, the industry is fragmented and retailers find themselves doing the role of middlemen and manage to rack up huge profits. Stores in convenience market may be substitutes; however, ever since t he retail stores have diversified into the convenience sector this threat is decreasing. There has been growing protest towards the use of hormonal or genetically modified products over the last few years. It is estimated that the market for organic foods in U.K is worth  £2 billion and is expected to grow in coming years. Hence, convenience stores as well as shops selling organic food may be potential substitutes but this risk is mitigated when large supermarkets buy these out. Morrisons, however, does not have any plan in expanding into this sector. Food experts such as butchers may also be substitutes; however, due to the ease of shopping and greater variety of grocery sector, this threat too is diminishing (Don Edwards & Associates Ltd., 2007). Overall, the threat of substitutes is fairly large for non-food offerings and fairly low for food offerings. 4. Competitive Rivalry Competition remains intense with the top 3 players including Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury’s. Me-too strategies have been widely adopted, such as that of Asda’s low price range strategy ( (Don Edwards & Associates Ltd., 2007). There is evidence of price wars between the top 4 players. Rivalry in the U.K supermarkets industry remains high although the industry itself is not growing. The U.K supermarkets industry is at the maturity stage of its lifecycle, growing at a rate far less than that of GDP and aggregate spending (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). Fixed costs of this industry are high which can be potential barriers to entry of new firms (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). Barriers to entry are potentially high with small retailers unable to compete. , unlike its three larger rivals Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's, Morrison’s does not have an internet home shopping business (Zentes et al., 2007). This could put the company on the backburner as e-commerce is an ever-growing business as it gives greater convenience to customers along with a potential to tap international mar kets. Also it does not have a loyalty card scheme such as Club card which Tesco has uses to track consumer trends and offer lapsing customers discounts (Thompson & Martin, 2010). Loyalty cards keep the regular customers coming back in that they use it to trace customer’s demographic profile which can go a long way in targeting the right products in advertising. Furthermore, by offering discounts the company has the opportunity to induce repeat purchases from its customers. Furthermore, unlike Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's, Morrison’s does not have a meaningful non-food offer (Thompson & Martin, 2010) . The company does not have enough diversification at present. Greater variety of products (non-food

FAA's Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) Essay

FAA's Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) - Essay Example As the economies of developing countries grow, their own citizens are already becoming the new international tourists of the future. The commercial aviation industry in the United States has grown dramatically since the end of World War II. In 1945 the major airlines flew 3.3 billion revenue passenger miles (RPMs). In 1903, the Wright brothers' first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina marked the beginning of the aviation industry. In the early years, the public did not embrace airplane travel as an option, thinking that it was too dangerous. The first major stimulus that helped to develop the industry was the United States' participation in World War I. After the war, though, the government stopped funding research and development, practically stagnating growth in the aviation industry. The events of September 11 have had some of their worst economic effects on the airline industry, leading to a dramatic fall-off in passenger demand and substantially higher costs. But even before that day, the industry was facing bad times, with few airlines anticipating profitable performances in 2001. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that would make the Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) a permanent, alternative me... recommendation stemmed from an NTSB accident investigation of a Northwest Airline crash on August 16, 1987, in which 148 passengers, 6 crewmembers, and 2 people on the ground were killed. The NTSB had recommended that all part 121 carriers review initial and recurrent flight crew-training programs. Because it is an industry where mistakes can lead to an unacceptable loss of life and property, commercial aviation has been at the forefront of risk reduction through teamwork training. Among the best-known team training strategies to emerge from the aviation setting is Crew Resource Management (CRM) training. CRM training has endeavored to improve the margin of aviation safety for more than 30 years. The FAA is now proposing to incorporate the requirements of Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) No. 58 into 14 CFR part 121. Section 121.901 outlines the purpose and eligibilty of the alternate method of training and qualification known as "Advanced Qualification Program". Section 121.903 states that certificate holders who get approval of an AQP must comply with its provisions. Section 121.905 specifies the procedure for a certificate holder to make claim that AQP information or data submitted to the FAA is entitled to confidential treatment under 5 USC 552 (b) (4). [Federal Register] Section 121.907 contains definitions used throughout proposed subpart XXX. Section 121.909 outlines the approval process, where certificate holder applies for approval of an AQP curriculum. Section 121.911 is based on existing language from SFAR No. 58 section 4. Section 121.913 contains requirements for qualification curriculum. Section 121.915 contains program requirements for continuing quali fication curriculums. Section 121.917 contains additional requirements that must be included

Molecular and ionic equations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Molecular and ionic equations - Assignment Example Molecular equation Cu(s)+4NHO3 (aq) Cu(NO3)2 (aq)+2NO2 (g)+2H2O (g) Ironic equation Cu(s)+4H+(aq)+4NO3-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+2NO3-(aq)+ 2N3+(aq)+4O2-(aq)+ 2H2O (g) Step 2 Molecular equation Cu(NO3)2 (aq)+2NaOH(aq) Cu(OH)2 (s)+2NaNO3 (aq) Ionic equation Cu2+(aq)+ 2NO3-(aq)+2Na+(aq)+2OH-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+ 2OH-(aq)+2 Na+(aq)+ 2NO3-(aq) Step 3 Molecular equation Cu(OH)2 (s) CuO(s) +H2O(g) Ionic equation Cu2+(aq)+ 2OH-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+O2-+ H2O(g) Step 4 Molecular equation CuO(s)+H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4(aq)+ H2O(l) Ionic equation Cu2+(aq)+O2-(aq)+2H+(aq)+SO42-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+ SO42-(aq)+ H2O(l) Step 5 Molecular equation CuSO4(aq)+Zn(s) Cu(s)+ZnSO4(aq) Ionic equation Cu2+(aq)+ )+ SO42-(aq)+Zn(s) Cu(s)+Zn2+(aq)+ SO42-(aq) Side reactions a) Molecular equation Zn(s)+HCl(aq) ZnCl2 (aq)+H2 (g) Ionic equation Zn(s)+H+(aq)+Cl-(aq) Zn2+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+H2 (g) b) Molecular equation HCl(aq)+NH3 (aq) NH4Cl (aq) Ionic equation H+(aq)+Cl-(aq) NH4+(aq) 2. The mas of copper could be in excess as it may have oxidized to form copper (II) Oxide and also due to the side reactions that takes place.

The Reading Fluency Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Reading Fluency Strategies - Essay Example There are many ways to help improve reading fluency for students. According to researchers Wolf& Katzir-Cohen, (2001) there are 25 words used daily by the student which make up about 33 percent of what students read at school. The reading strategies for teachers to use with struggling readers are very broad. There are several studies which involve demonstrating reading techniques to increase fluency, including having the books the students read in class also taken home and read again with family members. Author Darling (2005) implied that â€Å"Engaging parents in their children's reading acquisition, particularly by focusing their attention on the skill areas outlined in this column, can help children find greater success in school.† The author further explains that children can learn more with teacher and parent collaboration. This suggests that the onus of learning is not placed solely upon the teacher, but is also a responsibility the parent must undertake. The reasons for this are clear: 1) to reinforce the strategies learned in school, 2) to allow the child to read in a non-judgmental environment, away from peers and 3) to involve the parent in the child’s learning process. ... Prosody refers to expressive interpretation, which speaks to the student’s comprehension of the reading material. These three components allow the teacher (and the parent) to accurately assess each student’s reading and comprehension. According to authors Morrow, Kuhn, & Schwanenflugel (2006) their Family Fluency Program shows that children who read automatically become fluent readers and are able to decode words more freely. The authors also stated that prosody is used by fluent readers who use â€Å"appropriate pitch, pace, and phrasing† for better comprehension (p. 1). The program by Morrow, Kuhn, & Schwanenflugel (2006) shows the importance of parental involvement at the school and home, which also improves the student’s fluency. Students who are behind in reading may have a hard time adapting to new reading strategies. This is why it is particularly important that the strategies being used in school are reinforced at home. According to the National In stitute of Child Health and Human Development (2000) there are five key components to watch for in assessing reading ability in students aged 3-9. These components are phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. Watching for these key skills at home during parent-child reading sessions can assist a student with early development, particularly if the process starts before the student reaches kindergarten. There are reports on early literacy skills by Chard,Simmons, & Kameenui (1995) Snowv, Bums, &Griffin (1998) showing rates for early increase and indicating the importance of reading as a life skill. Useful Approaches for Struggling Readers There are three main approaches used for struggling readers: whole class reading and partnership reading,

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research project - Essay Example The historical context of the UK wine industry will be analyzed in that the people and firms who decided to develop the wine industry in the UK will be focused upon. Factors which were vital in the process of early development in order to continue the production of wine and maintain its success will be looked at. The competition in the market for the wines produced in the UK will be researched. It would be analyzed just how conducive the prevailing climate in various parts of UK are for the growth of grapes and the availability of land. The government policies and rules and regulations with regard to the production of wine in the UK would also be considered. Whether these are supportive to the UK wine industry or not will be highlighted. Research will be conducted to find out the general popularity of wine among British people and whether the popularity is increasing or not. The awareness and knowledge about the British wine in the hospitality industry such as among the restaurants a nd hotels in the UK would also be considered. That is how much restaurants and hotels are ordering British wine from their suppliers and the demand for these by the customers will be looked at. It is also hoped to highlight upon how the hospitality industry can contribute and support the development of wine industry in the UK such as with different ways of advertising and promotion. Finally this project hopes to give an insight about the future of the UK wine industry and in which direction it is heading. The popularity of UK wine is at an all time high. This has prompted some research in this area. Wine, which could be considered as a convenience product is taken by UK people with their daily meals. The wine industry could be defined with reference to enterprises mainly involved in producing wines, brandy sprits and brandy. This enterprise also includes bonded wine cellars who are engaged in

Business Case Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Case Analysis - Term Paper Example Talking about the mission and vision of the company, it can be said that vision of a company represents the long terms goals, while the mission comprises of multiple short term goals. Talking on this note, it can be said that the company Pfizer’s long term goal is tremendously focused on the global well being. Talking on this note, it can be said that the vision of Pfizer is to work together for the development of a better world (Pfizer-a, 2011). Talking about the global pharmaceutical giant’s mission statement, it is very interesting to note that the company’s focus is to apply science and other global resources for the improvement of health of human life at every stage (Pfizer-b, n.d). The company also tries to focus on various key values which comprises of integrity, performance, innovation, collaboration, respect for people, care for community, leadership, focus on quality as well as customer (Pfizer-c, 2009). While analyzing the mission and vision statement, that the company has developed in regards to serving the markets of emerging as well as developed economies, it has to be said in these regards that the goals of both long and short term are highly in perfect compatibility and synchronization with the core competencies and strengths of the organization. B. It is of considerable importance to mention that the generic strategies of Porter are being designed on the framework of competitive edge as well as competitive advantage. Talking more the competitive edge achieved by the firms, it can be said that the edge factor coupled with the issues of competitive advantage leads to the process of formation of various scenarios like cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, as well as focus on differentiation. It is of significant importance to mention that the firms needs to focus on developing their own unique kind of competitive advantage by trying to develop on one of the four scenarios, by using their strengths of business processes as well as the opportunity available in the market (Generic Strategies pdf). Talking about Pfizer, it can be said that the value chain activities of Pfizer is much diversified in nature. It is of significant importance to mention that for the purpose of generating and delivering values to the company’s stakeholders, Pfizer focuses on the process of employing and exploiting multiple key value points that are developed by the company to attain simultaneous growth and delivery of values. It is important to note, that Pfizer tries to follow more of a differentiation sort of strategy. Talking on this note, it can be said that the strategy of differentiation is often achieved by a company through the application of various business process that helps in superior service with regards to the price of the product or service of the company. It is important to mention that the company, apart from trying to gain a quality based advantage, also tries to achieve and excel in regards to te chnical innovation so as to increase process efficiency. This helps in a great way to communicate to the consumers about the company’s steady endeavours towards providing maximum amount of beneficial and related value (Stonehouse & et.al, 2007, p. 177). It is interesting to note that Pfizer in an attempt to achieve its differentiation strategy has focused in developing significant amount of edge in

Chinese nurse-client relationship Essay Example for Free

Chinese nurse-client relationship Essay The Chinese perspective of nursing Nursing is to understand the health status and concerns of a person, to devise interventions with appropriate health knowledge and skills. There are four Chinese characteristics of epistemic concerns. Qing (? ) is emotion. Li (? ) and zhi (? ) means knowing what is good and right in practice through scientific or systematic studies respectively. Xing (? ) is action. The chinese perspective of nurse To nurse, Chinese people generally argree that the role of the nurses is to report their conditions rapidly to doctors. A Confucian principle of hierarchical relationship between doctor and nurses shows that nurses should know their place, defer to their superiors anf know when to call doctors. Solution to chinese implication Some Chinese cultures like belief, value, attitudes and taboos may act as barriers of clients and nurses. It can be tackled by reminding the nurse to be cultural sensitive in caring process. For instances, nurses may consider characteristics of Chinese people. Chinese always avoid the word dead which is a symbol of unauspicious. They can tacit communication approach like euphemism which is indirect words using the end of life. Nurses may apply therapeutic communication strategies: -To be client-focused, problem-oriented and situational based -Classified as supportive-expressive, analytic and consultative -Directive and educationally focused The Chinese culture is conflicts between Chinese culture and health belief of western medicine. To solve it, we nurses acknowledge of culturally specific nature of problem. Another Chinese culture is the tradition perceive problem as family affairs. To solve it, we nurse can build up nurse-client relationship with strong bond of trust by more communication.

Determining Attributes to Maximize Visibility of Objects

Determining Attributes to Maximize Visibility of Objects A Critique on  Determining Attributes to  Maximize Visibility of Objects Muhammed Miah Gautam Das Vagelis Hristidis Heikki Mannila Vidisha H. Shah 1. Summary of the published work Das, Hristidis, and Mannila (2009, p. 959) discussed about the ranking function and top k retrieval algorithms that helps user (potential buyers to search for the required product from the available catalog. The problem is how a user (potential seller) should select attributes of new tuple that the product stands out from the other available products. So there are several formulation that were developed by the author and few that are already in practice. According to authors, to run a query(search) keywords are entered on basis of which search is conducted (p. 959). The query anserwing system may return all the values that fulfill the condition it is also called as unranked retrieval or Boolean retrieval, or can rank the answers and return top k values known as ranked retrieval or Top-k retrieval. The example given by the author is objects can be ranked on the attribute based on price or based on relevance. The example and a problem related to it is described by the author. A user wants to classify an ad to rent an apartment in an online newspaper (p. 959). The given ad (tuple) has various attributes like number of bedrooms, location and so on. The cost factor is also involved in any ad so accordingly attribute that will provide better visibility should be selected. To understand which attributes provide better visibility we can built it on basis of previous sellers recommendation (tradition technique) or an argument by which we can view the ranking function buy which we can understand which attribute will lead to high ranking score. Example adding an attribute swimming pool can increase the visibility, or a catchy title or indexing keywords (for an article). Let D be the database of some product that has been advertised already (competitor). Author is considering that the database can be a relational table or a text document (p. 960). If database is a relational table then each tuple i n the table is a product and every column is an attribute related to the product. If database is a collection of text document then each document contains data regarding a specific product (ad). The set of queries or search conditions that have been executed in past by the user is stated as Q. therefore Q is the â€Å"query log† or â€Å"workload†. The query log is the record of the queries that have been used buy the potential buyers in the past. So the query could be like SQL query or query based on key word that will return a tuple from D(database). The problem given by the author is when a D(database), Q(query log), new tuple t and integer m are given determine best m attributes for tuple t such that when the shortened version of the tuple t with m attributes is inserted in d then the number of queries from Q retrieving tuple t is maximized (p. 960). In this paper variant of m is also considered that is when m is given by the user or when m is not mentioned. In this paper author has consider several variants like Boolean (unranked retrieval) (P 960), categorical variant, text and numeric data variant and conjunctive and disjunctive query semantics. Budget variant is also considered where in if m is not given the objective of maximizing the visibility is achieved keeping m minimum. No- budget variant is also considered where value of m is not given and the only aim is to gain maximum visibility of the object and for that all possible attributes can be added. In the preliminaries section author describes that for the given database D it contains tuples {t1, t2,†¦.tm}. Each tuple t has various attributes { a1, a2,†¦. an}. Tuple t will have either value 1 or 0. 0 implies that the attribute is absent and 1 implies that the feature is available. Tuple Domination means that if a tuple has all attributes value 1 that that tuple dominates. Tuple compression of t which has m attributes. It retains all 1’s in m and converts rest all attributes to 0 (p. 961). In Conjunctive Boolean with query log(CB-QL) variant the problem definition stated by the author is when a Q with Conjunctive Boolean retrieval semantics, tuple t, and integer m are given then have to compute compressed tuple with m attribute with maximum visibility(p. 961). For this problem author uses NP-Completeness Results and derives the Theorem that the decision version of CB-QL problem is NP-hard. Author explains various algorithms for Conjunctive Boolean with query log (p. 961). First is Optimal Brute Force Algorithm. As stated earlier that CB-QL is NP-hard so during worst case optional algorithm will run in polynomial time. The problem can be solved by a simple. This problem can be solved by simple brute force algorithm. So can be called as Brute Force-CB-QL which will consider all the combination of all m attributes of the tuple t such that the combination will satisfy to achieve maximum visibility among Q. In Optimal Algorithm Based on Integer Linear programming an ILP framework CB-QL can be described as follows, new tuple t be a Boolean vector has various attributes {a1,a2,†¦an}. Q be the query log and S be the total number of queries in query log. So the task is to This integer linear formulation is attractive unlike other general IP solvers, ILP solvers and are also usually more efficient(p. 962). According to author in Optimal Algorithm that is Based on Maximal Frequent Item Sets according to the author this algorithm is based on Integer Linear Programming, but this has certain limitation so author says it is impractical if there are more than few hundred of queries in the Q query log. The author has develop an alternate approach for the same which scales large query logs very well (p. 963). This algorithm is called MaxFreqItemSets-CB-QL, for this author has defined the frequent item set problem, Complementing the Query Log, Setting of the Threshold Parameter, Random Walk to Compute Maximal Frequent Item Sets, Complexity Analysis of a Random Walk Sequence, Number of Iterations, Frequent Item Sets at Level M _ m, Preprocessing Opportunities, The Per-Attribute Variant. Author says in Greedy Heuristics algorithm becomes slow for large query logs when maximal frequent item set based algorithm has better scalability then the IPL based algorithm (p. 964). So author has developed suboptimal greedy heuristic for solving CB-QL. The algorithm consist of ConsumeAttr-CB-QL computes the number of times each attribute appears in Q. Using this top m attributes that have highest frequency is computed. The algorithm ConsumeAttrCumul-CB-QL first selects the attributes from the query log Q that has occurred maximum times and then finds the attribute that occurs second highest in the Q, and so on. The algorithm ConsumeQueries-CB-QL picks the query with minimum number of attributes first, and then selects all attributes specified in the query. In next section author explains problem variant for text data. In the text database there is a collection of documents, and each document consist a data of a particular ad (p. 965). The problem definition for text data is that query is a set of keywords and have to retrieve top-k documents via query specific scoring functions and make the document maximum visible. According to author text database can be directly mapped into Boolean database (p. 965). So the algorithm and the working can be made similar to that of Boolean Data but author says that there is a problem with attribute selection for text data is NP-complete. It can convert it into Boolean considering each key word as a Boolean attribute. So according to author since text database can be converted to Boolean database in the algorithm for text data the are two issues firstly to view each text keyword as a Boolean attribute in query log Q, and none of the optimal algorithms are feasible for text data (p. 965) . Second issue is that in text data the scoring functions that are used takes account of the document length and leads to decrease the score if keyword has low frequency. In the next section author has described about the experiments that were conducted and there results. For this experiments system that was used had following configuration P4, 1 GB RAM, 3.2- GHZ processor, 100 GB HDD, Microsoft SQL Server 2,000 RDBMS. Algorithms were implemented in C# Language, for backend RDBMS and connectivity was done using ADO. 2 data sets were used for Boolean data and publication titles were used for text data experiments. 185 queries in query log were created for the experiments, 205 distinct keywords were created by other students. The experiment worked well for Boolean data CB-QL where top m attributes were given and had maximum visibility for 185 queries. Individual experiments were done to calculate the execution time of each algorithms of CB-QL. Various statistical data is given by the author that gives how individual algorithm runs under various workload. Various similar experiments were done for text data also and its algorithm and similar statistical d ata is given by the author (p. 965). In the next section various other problem variants for Boolean data, categorical and numeric data are considered. In that author has first explain Conjunctive Boolean-Data (CB-D) in which author describes its problem definition for maximum visibility given D(database), Q(query log), t (new tuple) and m(integer). For the given problem definition complexity results for CB-D and its algorithm are given by the author (p. 967). Then next variant considered is Top-k – Global Ranking (Tk-GR) and Top-k – Query-Specific Ranking (Tk-QR) and in that author considers Top-k retrieval using Global and Query-Specific Scoring Function. Then problem definition for Tk-GR and Tk-QR is stated by the author and then its complexity and algorithm for the same are given(P.968). Next variant considered by the author is Skyline Boolean (SB) where skyline retrieval semantics are considered then problem definition for SB then its complexity and algorithms are discussed. In the similar way remainin g variants Conjunctive Boolean—Query Log—Negation (CB-QL-Negation), Maximize Query Coverage (MQC), Categorical and Numeric Data are discussed by the author(P. 969). In conclusion author describes that how the best attributes for the problem can be selected from the data set given query log. Author has presented variants for many cases like Boolean data or categorical or text data and numeric data (p. 972). And has showed that even though the problem is NP complete the optimal algorithms are feasible for small inputs. Author has also presented greedy algorithms that can produce good approximation ratio. 2. My Opinion on published work The use of internet and network has increased tremendously and with that the data available on network has increased but the main problem is information to knowledge conversion that is finding data that is useful to the user, over spam. The algorithm discussed by the author can be used to improve the visibility of the document. In the paper author has not just given algorithm for Boolean type data but also text data and other variant that is the algorithm can be used for real time data that is in various forms. The main focus of the author is on potential seller and what all attributes should be added to maximize the visibility of the advisement or the document on the web so that the potential buyers can view that document in first few options, but this can be used other way round to and using this spam can be created, a document that is a fake document that has various attributes which are not true but are added added to gain maximum visibility, which should not be even displayed in the given category. The author makes assumption about the competitors or say other advertise, and assumptions about the users preferences are made as well. The queries in the query log where written by random students and not according to what actual users want, so there is no guarantee that this will work equally well in real time environment and will actually maximize the visibility with real time users and on real network. As given by the author in every problem definition of every variant that given D database and given Q query log but in real time for many application neither D(database) nor Q(query log) is available for analysis so user have to make assumptions about the competitors and users (potential buyers) need and there after have to decide the Top-k attributes from the subset of all the attributes that will help the user to achieve maximum visibility with minimum number of attributes. In the paper the author has given various variant by which the visibility of the object can be maximized in various cases and has various optimal algorithms and greedy algorithm. Optimal algorithm gives optimal outputs but works well for small inputs only as and when the size of input increases the algorithm does not work well. Greedy algorithm produces approximate results that can be seen from the experiments done by the author with various variants. According to Ao-Jan Su, Y. Charlie Hu, Aleksandar Kuzmanovic, and Cheng-Kok Koh Page rank of any document or advertisement is not only depended on the attributes but also on key words in host name, the key words in the URL, HTML header so with the selection of proper attributes in the document user also needs to keep a check on above mentioned factors also to maximize the visibility of the object.(2010, P. 55) Angelica Caro has given a table of Data quality and visibility rankings for Spanish university portals. In which author has given DQ* ranking, Visibility ranking, Partial visibility rankings in terms of Site, Links and Popularity, Distance* where *DQ means data quality and *Distance between the data quality and visibility rankings. Teal numbers indicate the portals that are relatively close in both rankings. So from the result given by the author it is seen that there is not a precise order that is the data quality of a site can be ranked 1 but visibility is 19 because it is based on other factors also like its popularity, links, sites and distance. So even if the DQ is not very good but it is popular or it has many incoming links can lead to improve the overall ranking of the page and thereby maximizes the visibility of the page. The statistic of the site that has ranks first in visibility is data quality is 5 visibility is 1 site 1 links 1 popularity 3 distance 4 so it can be seen that to gain maximum visibility we cannot just depend on attributes of the data that is not just data quality but there are various other factors that is required to be considered to improve visibility of the object, that is not considered in the paper by the author.(2011, p. 46). References Ao-Jan Su, Hu, Y.C., Kuzmanovic, A., Cheng-Kok Koh (2010). How to Improve Your Google Ranking: Myths and Reality.2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference onWeb Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT),1, 50-57.doi: 10.1109/WI-IAT.2010.195 Caro, A., Calero, C., Moraga, M.A.(2011). Are Web Visibility and Data Quality Related Concepts?.Internet Computing, IEEE, 15(2), 43-49.doi: 10.1109/MIC.2010.126 Miah, M., Das, G., Hristidis, V., Mannila, H. (2009). Determining Attributes to Maximize Visibility of Objects.Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on,21(7), 959-973.doi: 10.1109/TKDE.2009.72

Fathers role in molding his sons adolescence

Fathers role in molding his sons adolescence Over the years so many theories have made it evident that the father is a role model to his children, especially his son during the adolescence years. But none have discussed in what manner he affects, what are the domains in which he is influential and what factors play role to have these effects. Even after being the third in the mother-child dyad, how come the father becomes so important once the child is in his/her puberty, more importantly the son. This paper is an attempt to analysis the findings of the earlier studies done in this domain, to summate their findings and conclude the role of the father in molding his adolescent sons life. According to Freudian psychoanalytical view the father is considered to be a fear instigating factor in a sons life due to which he identifies with him. In a research study based psychoanalytical view of role of father as being the one who castrates shows the importance of identification with him as a gender role model for son for healthy development of sexual orientation later in life (Ceccarelli and Horizonte, 2003). This study explains that the lack/absence of a father who demands respect from the son and lay strong secure base for him to project his oedipal complexes by constantly defining limits, can lead to the construction of the nostalgia of the fathers protection as the transformation of this father into the symbolic father and his projection of his need for a father figure onto his sexual partners and also defining his sexual preference (the cases described in the study were of sons who had homosexual orientation). Therefore a male role model needs to be present for the son to develop sexual preferences which invariantly becomes prominent during the pubertal years, as the boy experiences new bodily changes. According to Zoja (2001) in his book The Father: Historical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives with Jungian analytical view, points that a single mother can assume the role of a father in preadolescent years of the child because the woman has been able to reconcile her role of mother with her role of lover, but later due to change in group dynamics and development of concept of gender-identity in adolescent years, need for an actual male father figure arises, for these adolescents form gangs which have a crude and regressive masculine psychology and its unconscious function is to challenge the father just as the gangs of animals are placed in masculine hierarchy. Sipsma, Biello, Cole-Lewis and Kershaw (2010) show that sons of adolescent fathers were 1.8 times more likely to become adolescent fathers than were sons of older fathers, as they l acked proper father figure in their life as their father themselves have not been mature enough to provide them with the strong security which is associated with a father. Adolescent boys with their father-present have higher male sex- role preferences than father-absent boys, though both father-present and father absent adolescent boys imitate male sex-role and female sex-roles which is not in correlation to their sex-role preferences. Moreover the masculine preferences are well established by age seven, more in father-present boys than in father-absent ones (Bandaines, 1976), showing clearly the role model that a father assumes quite early in his sons life. According to findings of Almeida and Galambos (1991), fathers acceptance of adolescent son increases with time, and as they get more involved in each other life, a better understanding may develop helping the adolescent child to deal with his conflicts. Moreover in single-earner families fathers tend to spend more time with the ir sons than their daughter which may be it being easy to identify with the same sex both ways. Thus it is clear that the presence of fathers who involve in their adolescent sons can lead to better feeling of acceptance in the child. Jones, Kramer, Armitage and Williams (2003) showed that the perceived quality of father-son (and mother-son) relation was negatively correlated with psychological separation: better the perceived quality, the less psychologically separated they were. Adolescent boys with non-resident fathers who had more frequent contact with their fathers experienced less psychological separation and more of overall healthy separateness. studies show that males who experience separation from their fathers early in life (before age 5yrs), even though they developed unhindered masculine preferences, experience high rate of low self-esteem and self-confidence, while those who are separated from their fathers later in life due to divorce of parents are less likely to marry and more likely to have common-law relationships (Covell and Turnbull, 1982). Robertson (1999) in his study found out that, variation in family structure, lack sense of attachment to family or parents, lack of shared leisure experiences with adolescent sons beyond age 10yr, and lack of interest in the adolescent sons live, especially by fathers lead to increased rated of delinquency in these boys. In a study done on African-American adolescent males involved in delinquent activities showed that, there was a detrimental effect of low socioeconomic-status on the delinquent activities of father-absent pubertal boys than those living in dual-parent families. Moreover the study showed that the parental monitoring done by the fathers was inversely correlated to the delinquent acts of the adolescent as these adolescent males benefited from being in a dual-parent family where they received paternal supervision besides maternal control (Paschall et al. 2003). With emergence of adolescence, drugs-use becomes a major concern and the experimenting youth become easy prey to such addiction. In such times the father can be a major influential factor in his sons life, who can either make him more prone to adapt to the habit or easy for him to stay away from such indulgence. Brook et. al.(1983) findings show that affectionate, emotionally supportive, attentive, involved in their sons life and engaging in meaningful conversation fathers have sons who dont smoke. Moreover fathers of nonsmokers have higher expectations from their sons and help to cultivate their ideas therefore may be encouraging their need for independence, which foster in their sons a sense of competence and achievement. On the other hand adolescent boys who smoked were unable to identify with their fathers beliefs and values and more identified with the stereotypical macho-masculine roles and that helped them to compensate for the poor paternal masculine role, which tend to spend less quality as well as quantity of time with their sons, and most of them smoke themselves. Apart from these the smokers differed from the nonsmoker adolescent boys on many personality traits; they tend to be less frustration tolerant, less compliant to family situations, less responsible and more rebellious and impulsive. The smoking behavior helps them to compensate for the feeling of low self-esteem, which develops due to a poor paternal role model. In another study Brook et. al (1981) found that adolescent marijuana users are less likely to perceive their fathers as less affectionate and child-centered, and they lack paternal control. Another domain in which fathers make a big contribution to adolescent sons is the area of subjective well-being and values-judgments. James R. Barclay (1980) in his study defines the role of a father in his adolescent sons development of values as that of, the masculine role model, the communicator (listening to different views and offering problem-solving methodologies), the moral model (striving to live somewhere between the absolutist and complete relativist) and the fallible reinforcing agent. Further studies show that fathers support is positively related to the psychological well-being of adolescent boys, especially those who are constantly bullied at school or by their peer group. (Flouri and Buchanan, 2002). In men positive parenting(by both or either parents) influenced psychological functioning by lowering psychological maladjustment in adolescence and increasing the odds of being partnered in midadulthood, it protected against psychological distress by promoting educationa l attainment and physical health in adolescence and young adulthood, and by increasing the odds of being religious and partnered in midadulthood, and it predicted life satisfaction by lowering psychological maladjustment in adolescence. (Flouri, 2003) Thus the involvement of father in a childs adolescent years, especially the son is more important so as to provide him with better gender role; help in developing better self-esteem and confidence, overall feeling of subjective-wellbeing and trust in long term commitments; and thus keeping a check on childs maladaptive behaviors such as that of engaging in early sexual relations, committing delinquency and abusing substances. Refrences: Almeida D. and Galambos N. Examining Father Involvement and the Quality of Father-Son Relations. Journal Of Research in Adolescence. 1991. 1(2), 155-172. Bandaines J. Identification, Imitation and Sex-Role Preference in Father-Present and Father-Absent Black and Chicano Boys. The Journal of Psychology, 1976. 92, 15-24 Barclay, J.R. Values of Adolescent Males and Father-Son Relations. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1980, 267-269 Brook J. et.al. The Role of the Father in His Sons Marijuana Use. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1981. 138, 81-86 Brook J. et.al. Fathers And Sons: Their Relationship And Personality Characteristics Associated With The Sons Smoking Behavior. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1983. 142, 271-281. Covell K. and Turnbull W. The Long Term Effects of Father Absence in Childhood on Male University Students Sex-Role Identity and Personal Adjustment. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1982. 141, 271-276. Ceccarelli and Horizonte, May I Call You Father? Int. Forum Psychoanal., 2003, 12, 195-203 Flouri E. Subjective Well-being in Midlife:The Role of Involvement and Closeness to Parents in Childhood. Journal of Happiness Studies 2004. 5: 335-358. Flouri and Buchanan. Life Satisfaction in Teenage Boys: The Moderating Role of Father Involvement and Bullying. Aggr. Behav. 2002. 28:126-133 Jones et al. The Impact of Father Absence on Adolescent Separation-Individuation. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 2003, 129(1), 73-95 Knafo, A. and Shwartz S.H. Parenting and Adolescents Accuracy in Perceiving Parental Values, Child Development, 2003, Vol.74.2, 595-611 Paschall M., Ringwalt C. and Flewelling R. Effects Of Parenting, Father Absence, And Affiliation With Delinquent Peers On Delinquent Behavior Among African-American Male Adolescents. Adolescence, Spring 2003. 38:149, 15-34 Robertson. Leisure and Family: Perspectives of Male Adolescents who engage in Delinquent activity as Leisure, Journal of Leisure Research. 1999,Vol.31(4), 335-358 Sipsma et al. Like Father, Like Son: The Intergenerational Cycle of Adolescent Fatherhood, American Journal of Public Health, March 2010, Vol. 100.3, 517-524. Zoja, Luigi. The Father : Historical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives. Taylor Francis Routledge, 2001 .

Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World :: essays papers

Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World There were quite a few changes made from Aldous Huxley’s, Brave New World to turn it into a â€Å"made for TV† movie. The first major change most people noticed was Bernard Marx’s attitude. In the book he was very shy and timid toward the opposite sex, he was also very cynical about their utopian lifestyle. In the movie Bernard was a regular Casanova. He had no shyness towards anyone. A second major deviation the movie made form the book was when Bernard exposed the existing director of Hatcheries and Conditioning, Bernard himself was moved up to this position. In the book the author doesn’t even mention who takes over the position. The biggest change between the two was Lenina, Bernard’s girlfriend becomes pregnant and has the baby. The screenwriters must have made this up because the author doesn’t even mention it. The differences between the book and the movie both helped it and hurt it. Of the many changes made between the book and the movie, most were made to keep the audience interested in the story. Most people who watch TV don’t have a long attention span. Executives at NBC didn’t want to spend millions to produce a movie and then have nobody watch it. The screenwriters had to throw in some clever plot twists to keep people interested. Another reason the movie was different from the book was the material in the book was a little too racy for network TV. Take the ending, for example, nobody wants to see a grown man hang himself. This was a reason the producers had to change some material in the movie. The book and the movie were both very good. The book took time to explain things like setting, people’s emotions, people’s traits, and important background information. There was no time for these explanations the movie. The book, however, had parts in the beginning where some readers could become flustered.

Professional, Ethical and Legal issues in nursing Essay -- Health Care

According to American Nurses Association (ANA), (2010) â€Å"the nurse promotes, advocates for and strives to protect the heath, safety and right of the patient† (p. 6). Nursing responsibilities should be acted at the highest standard and must be based on legal and ethical obligations. Healthcare provider’s perception and judgment in the patient’s well being as well as taking into account the right of the patient in every action is one of the key elements in nursing practice. International Council of Nurses (ICN), (2006) states â€Å"The nurse at all times maintains standards of personal conduct which reflect well on the profession and enhance public confidence† (p. 3). Furthermore, nursing action guided by theory and principles of moral and legal rights complements excellent nursing care. Nurse’s awareness in moral and legal codes helps them control the complicated scenario encountered and direct the nurses in the best possible action answerable by law (Lachman, 2006). In this essay the author will rationalize the relevance of professional, ethical and legal regulations in the practice of nursing. The author will discuss and analyze the chosen scenario and critically review the action taken in the expense of the patient and the care workers. In addition, the author will also evaluates the strength and limitations of the scenario in a broader issue with reasonable judgement supported by theories and principles of ethical and legal standards. In accordance with Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), (2008) all identifiable details have been changed in accordance with (NMC, 2010). The author as a healthcare assistant working in the nursing home will present a scenario of Mrs. Keller (not her real name) who is confined in the dementia u... ...r investigation and then devise a plan for best possible action recognizing the rights of the patient and its benefits followed by the application of the chosen intervention with positive outcome in mind (Wells, 2007). Delivery of excellent and quality of care at constant level (NMC, 2008) must be marked in any responsibilities and duties of the care provider to promote exceptional nursing practice Codes of nursing ethics and legal legislation have addressed almost all the necessary action in making decision in consideration to the best interest of the patient. Nurses must make sure that they are all guided by the set standard to lead their action and produced desirable and ethically sound outcome. However, it is realistic to acknowledge that there are some instances that moral act contradict legal act, in this case, the principle of prima facie can be applied.

Research Method : Regression Model on the GDP of Sri Lanka

In extension Of the production function, foreign financed capital (l), export (EX) and import (IM) are added into the model to determine their impact on the economic growth. Pawl's (2002) mentioned that the import is considered will affect the economic growth which are divided into intermediate and capital good imports. Flamboyancy's (as cited in Bait, 2013) include FED as the addition input to labor and domestic capital in production function since it's the main source of human capital and new technology for new developing country.As mentioned by Namely (as cited in Bait, 2013), exports are included in the production function as more input of macro are needed. The FED stock was excluded from the Gross Capital Formation as it included both domestic and foreign investment and to avoid double measurement (Bait, 201 3) The production function extended, assuming multiple-linear equation, an Ordinary Least Squared estimate which specified below: Where -? The estimated Gross Domestic Produ ct per capita growth (annual = The Investment in terms of Gross Fixed Capital formation (% of GAP). The Labor force in terms of total (person). The Export of goods and services (% of GAP). = The Import of goods and services (% of GAP). The Gross Capital Formation (% of GAP). = The error term of the regression. In the research done by Bass, Corroboratory and Regale (as cited in Turned, 201 2) studied the long-run and the short-run relationship between the investments with the gross domestic product (GAP). The result of their finding that there are positive long-run relationship between GAP and investment where their finding are consistent with findings obtained from Khan and Khan ND Mathematician (as cited in Turned, 2012).Allah, Zamia, Faro and Jived (as cited in Hussein, 2014) have conducted a research to check whether there is nun-directional or bidirectional causality between the export and economy growth and the result suggested that there is nun-directional causality between th e economic growth and export. In addition, findings by Mishear (201 1) there exist a positive impact on the increasing of real GAP with export in the case study of India which supported by Pharaoh (as cited in Mishear, 201 1) also found that export have positive and significant impact on economic growth.The increasing number of global labor workforce represent the opportunity to drive the economic growth and the increase in the gross domestic product (GAP) but it also represent many challenges (Wristwatch Institute, 2014). With the increase of number of labor in the labor workforce, the productivity level will reach optimum level at a certain point but after that point, the productivity level will decrease as the number keep increasing.As or the case of Sir Lankan, now with the government effort to achieve upper middle income country, the increasing of the labor workforce will bring positive impact to the economic growth of Sir Lankan. According to Pawl's (2002), imported intermedia te goods have a positively and significantly influence the GAP growth in the long run. The main export of Sir Lankan is mainly architecture goods which are mainly depends on the import of fertilizers and agriculture machines. Thus it is acceptable to said that import of intermediate goods will brings positive and significant effect on the economic growth of Sir Lankan.Based on the study by Imprimatur (2013) on effects of the gross capital formation on the GAP growth in India on agriculture sector found that higher level of gross capital formation in the agriculture sector as agriculture is the main backbone of the India economy was able to improve the overall GAP growth rate. This study can be apply to Sir Lankan as Sir Land's main economy are agriculture based economy. Thus, this shows positive relationship between the Gross Capital Formation (GIF) with the Gross Domestic Product (GAP).

Globalisation Is a Positive Force in the World. Discuss.

Globalisation is a compulsive force in the world. Discuss. In fresh years, amongst all the championships and countercl pop the questions, the argument over whether globalization is a positive force or not has become rather controversial. Advocates claim globalisation facilitates economic growth, international pecuniary integration, and cooperation amongst nations while critics vigorously represent that globalisation leads to a fierce victimization of the labour class, a disparity between rich and poor, and a concentration of resources.Peng (2009) has indicated an modernistic perception, the pendulum view, in order to emphasize twain ups and downs of globalisation. As a pendulum, not solo one direction swings, but in any case the other. The influence of globalisation raises the caution that dominant refining and multinational corporations (MNCs) control the some power which destroys not altogether local anaesthetic enterprises, but also local cultures and value. disdain the defects mentioned above, regarding the MNCs international strategy, it is often said globalisation as a foundation is contributive to the extension of profits.In this essay, the impact of globalisation on MNCs will be examined and will chiefly concentrate on the following forces commercialise, cost, and efficiency. As the domestic securities industry gradually matures, it is essential for a corporation in positive country to extend its market. The invisible thrust behind this phenomenon originates from keen competition with other companies, especially multinational enterprises possessing a mammoth amount of capital. Gradually, the sum of profits devolves and the stockholders grievances escalate. As a result, the board has to search for the ancestor to mitigate the clash.Facing this challenge, corporations attempt to sell products to consumers in emerging markets be character these potential customers are legion(predicate) times greater than domestic consumers. Moreover, globalization transubstantiates not only the field of market but also the formation of industry. accord to Scholte (2005), Globalisation has transformed the constitution of overabundant industries. During the late nineteenth century, older difficult industries much(prenominal) as chemicals and oil work the entire market. After that, approximately three-fifths enterprises involve transferred to the region of finance, information and communications.In other words, the organization of accumulating capital has been converted from merchandise to intangibles since 2000. However, globalisation creates not only advantages but disadvantages. In order to develop market overseas, MNCs go for advertisement and mess media such as Hollywood movies to spread the value and cultures which baron be considered tangibleistic and capitalistic. For example, McDonald has been accused of not only misleading many an(prenominal) immature people into believing fast fare is beneficial bu t also destroying the local catering culture.Therefore, it is often said that heathenish destruction is possibly triggered by enterprises, which brings virtually the steadily eroded local culture and the state of collapse in cultural identity. Despite this, it is undeniable that globalisation electrostatic plays a pivotal role of expanding the market and a prerequisite for enterprises to thrive. The ultimate aim of doing is as accepteding the location, c put downst to customers, to achieve the minimisation of production cost. Thus, there is a dictum for international business to consider where to entrap the factory, which is Location, location, location. Peng (2009) suggested that an ideal location requires not only location-specific advantages, associated with the uniqueness of geographical, but also agglomeration. The agent provides the association with the traffic convenience such as Miami, known as the gate of the Americas connecting North American firms to South Ameri can the latter, clustering economic activities in certain locations to create a pool of alter labor force, suppliers and purchasers, creates an advantage for a company to reduce costs thereby take ining upper limit of profits. Peng, 2009) In addition, a company attempting to decrease its production costs expands its operations overseas due(p) to the effect of economies of scale. The more broad the production scale, the overthrow a producers fair cost per unit. It is especially influential for those industries without production differentiation, producing certain manufactures such as trade name and iron, tires and cars. As a result, they are agonistic to search for the advantages of cost leadership. In this situation, the advisable solution to the pressure of reducing costs is enhancing the scale of production to lower the firm costs.In order to achieve it, enterprises piddle a tendency to pay the employees stipend as less as possible, which contributes to using. Conseque ntly, exploitation result in unfavorable on the job(p) conditions andthe unequal distributionof wealth change magnitude number of people living below the poverty line can cause social problems such as homelessness. In sum, it is necessary for enterprises to ensure proper works(a) conditions while searching for cost leadership. Considering human beings resources deficiency, industries should be dedicated to the core business, and source the other less important departments or business to boost efficiency.Globalisation offers enterprises a bran-new category of outsourcing, called offshore outsourcing. Differing from onshore outsourcing, a company utilizes offshore outsourcing for the purpose of lessen costs and employing experts with risque efficiency to conserve on the inessential organisations or departments. For example, IT is outsourced for many reasons, ranging from a bandwagon effect from the subjects high profile to cost pressures due to competition and economic reces sion (Lacity Willcocks, 2009, p. 212).To beat these obstacles, offshore outsourcing is fully implemented to gather up data, experts, and adroit transactions in IT industry. excessively this, in order to promote a companys efficiency, the high-speed internet as a connecting net is applied for various companies to put across in the world, which creates low-cost business mathematical process outsourcing (BPO). BPO is introduced to those developed countries with high standardization in which a company transfers their non-core business to the countries with lower labor costs.Through twenty- quatern hours communication and production, ii business-related companies have potential to continue working without cessation, which eventually assists both of them. Despite the advantages mentioned above, in the process of BPO, it is possible that the knowledge could be stolen. If a companys intellectual property rights are infringed, their competitive strengths force suddenly vanish and it will lose a large number of money. To fructify outsourcing or not, enterprises have to consider the enormousness of the task and how to avoid infringement.Therefore, it is viable for them to outsource those non-core businesses to enhance efficiency. To conclude, this essay briefly illustrates the cause of globalisation, as a foundation, offering a fundamental basis for market, cost and efficiency. This material foundation attracts enterprises to invest overseas, resulting in an trust that enterprises can boost profits when they obtain complete qualifications, including multinational market, cost leadership, and high efficiency. However, as a pendulum, globalisation does have negative forces to enterprises, especially local business.As Peng (2009) commented that some factions in emerging economies complained against the onslaught of MNEs, which allegedly not only destroy local companies, but also local cultures and values as well as the environment. (Peng, 2009, p. 19) base on these conflicts, the urgent issue for enterprises to lawsuit is how to reduce the unfavorable circumstances and, simultaneously, on aglobalscale, pursue the maximum value through managing the following four tensions strategy,people,costs, andrisk. (Dewhurst, 2012, p. 77)

Human Resource Management Essay

The prototypal stop at the induct of barter on the first day of work is human race pick get outment (HRM) office. Known in the past as the personnel de break inment is now HRM the place where contracts and any necessary documentation is processed before employment begins at the workplace. To some this is a friendly place and to opposite is threatening.DefinitionTo at a first baseer placestand what human resourcefulness guidance convey and does, it is necessary to begin with a definition of its terms Human of, relating to, or diagnostic of humans, consisting of humans (Merriam-Webster). Resource a source of supplement or support an available means ordinarily apply in plural a inhering source of wealth or revenue oftentimes used in plural a immanent feature or phenomenon that enhances the quality of human purport a source of information or expertise (Merriam-Webster). Management the act or art of managing the conducting or supervising of something (as a business) judicious use of means to accomplish an end the collective body of those who manage or direct an enterprise (Merriam-Webster). From these definitions an idea of human resource management forms and arse be states as The art of conducting or supervising the source of interpret or support of humans. The purpose obviously is to action tasks assigned in exchange for a hire or salary during a specified bound of time or shift.Primary run shortHRM can be seen as the welcoming door to the participation for new employees, but it represents much more than that. As part of the organization, HRM deals with the changes in the founding affecting the friendship and its employees. Preparation is constant in this fast-paced world to cope with the newest changes in globalization, technology, workforce diversity, and crowd shortages (DeCenzo 2007 p4). In todays world, skill requirements argon always changing and the improvement of the workforce is also continuous. HRM is creditworthy for ove rlooking the fulfillment of these needs in the association and in all its different locations throughout the world. Globalization expand the horizons for business and requires a deep understanding of the ethnical diversity.Organizations alike McDonalds, Exxon, BMW, General Motors, Sears, and many more like these generate their revenue fromdifferent parts of the world. making a presence in different countries requires intimacy and understanding of their cultures, not only the language and and distinctive traditions. HRM is responsible for the training of the confederacy representatives asigned to the various countries where the company has operations. The primary function is no longer conscionable the hiring and processing of new employees, but the primary function is now to manage the human resources available and their labor relations for the companys operations locally or globally.Role of HRM in an Organizations Strategic PlanThe organizations strategical plan is the core for the entire operation and the goals brand to accomplish. HRM plays a very important role in this plan and the success or failure of the schema starts off by how three of the management principles are applied by HRM. Oganizing, as a management principle, falls under the responsibility of HRM for specifying tasks, establishing departments, establishing channels of authorities, committal of authorities, and coordination of subordinates activities. Basically this represents the foundation bricks for the strategic plan (Bateman, 2009). star is another management principle that falls under the HRM role and it is getting others to get the job do and motivating subordinates.Standard operating procedures, code of ethics, employees benefits, and other tools are used by HRM to accomplish this part of the role in the organizations strategic plan (Bateman, 2009). Controlling is the management principle used to set standards for expected results and implement corrective actions when not g oing in the right direction. HR managers stair the efficiency of persons employed for the tasks and maintain turnover to low levels. HRM is responsible for the control of labor practices to keep them inwardly legality, the avoiding of discriminatory actions and potential losses due to need of training (Bateman, 2009). HRM is the backbone for any organization and is little that human resource managers keep updated on all the changes affecting business.ReferencesMerriam-Webster Dictionary. (2012). http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/management?show=0&t=1347165029DeCenzo, D. and Robbins, S. (2007) Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 9e p4 hindquarters Wiley & Sons Management Leading and Collaborating in a competitory World, by Bateman and Snell (8th edition, 2009) Retrieved from EBook Collection, https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/classroom/ic/classroom.aspx

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

mates tweet patois demonstrate He who saves unrivaled conduct it is as though he saves the spotledge base. You specify the c wholly, you urinate regard everyplace what you fate to do or non do. Do you actu every last(predicate)y fatality to do it, or argon you overly panic-struck to abide up for yourself and further discover a bit no? You moldiness pedestal up for yourself, pumped-up(a) and be foot holdd with your decision. What if you posit yes? What if you learn non to squiffy stalemate up for yourself? What if you be non domineering? This is the chip where you energize to check back if that adept fourth dimension, pass on jell your path.To divide with, its strategic to espo usage on the nose what confederate closet is.An opposite var. of much compulsive comrade wardrobe is when champs convert you non to do some chromosome mapping that later(a) whitethorn non buzz off been in your beat bug appear interest. prohib it companion hug is entirely what it musical comedy sounds floorardizedIt is when Peers savour to dissemble you entail that they hunch forward what is better entire for you. simply they too devil ahead you moot that the poisonous thing they ar doing, is what you should be doing, too.They at entice to spend you surmount a path, which is non the clear unmatched.In the guinea pig that sp atomic number 18 individual you screw or you, ar currently veneer partner hug argon sensible that it happens to galore(postnominal) folks. What it path is that you develop to be received analytical and confident with your choice, and cast the privileged with child(p) suit to sleep together how that you argon doing the steady out thing. beness received by plenty who urgency you to be a fol demean, and to go squander what whitethorn be the damage path, is universe received or intellection that you go forth be evaluate by commonwealth who w hat atomic number 18 not in reality your garters.Many raft close up what the professedly definition of friend is. wherefore atomic number 18 raft so launch unbidden to crumple into accomplice squelch? peradventure hoi polloi slip by in beca expenditure they argon shitless of being jilted by others.It evoke add up in um teenaged sorts of relationships.There leave behind etern every(a) toldy be individual who imparting leaven to tempt you keyword with something, strain to convert you of something, use you for something. season we stackt probative channelize other heap so easily, what we arouse budge is how we pit to ostracize associate drag. It egypt issuings a attractor of endurance to radix up and base on b every last(predicate)s a port, when other large number how atomic number 18 doing something that you applyt postulate to do. It encounters leading to salute the pay off path.It piece of ass be a tendinous son of a bitch against teens. You tiret sleep together psyches reasons for logical not drinking, you taket receive if they are winning care for that cogency actually concern them if they drink, or if they lay d study got a checkup delimitate that would be impact if they drink. So they touch atmospheric ramd, take a get hitched with couplet of drinks, consequently get au thuslytically sick, or get in an accident. bewitching photographic forbid refer headway up?We take up all hear round teen do drugs use since we were in place rail. We all recollect that lower nitty-gritty school daytime was a really substantial time, as we were stressful to be so mature, and were in time so young, and were attempt to view an identity.It may piece of cake an beta function in communicatory bully behaviour too.You return ont pauperism me to tell you that, that is closely as negative as things butt end get. You cave in the choice, and you get under ones skin the nurse to stand up for yourself. hithers the thing, youll never be sufficient to catch couple hale level. other capital deal will everlastingly demand you to be care them, because they wish someone to long pouffe alongit projects them more(prenominal) pledge and strength.Peer gouge business leader ilkwise hasten a substantiating comminuted issuance on your possess bread and butter and may actually lead you to make the check decisions on your own. By pressuring our allys to service much(prenominal) an cogent society event, we are make a ample footmark toward determination a put down remediation for all kinds of butt jointcers. It is events and moments like these, which stomach brotherly dislodge the area.One daytime it may be of great importance to you if a family member, or a friend becomes abnormal by this dreaded disease. Pressuring your couples to take part in scholarship doing hot for the world is the superior anatomy of haughty equal pressure and leadership.It may how agree a operative consequence on intoxicant consumption.You laugh, and walk away, not realizing that this nestling who control thither all by himself does not sop up legion(predicate) friends, and sure none of them are at the society. The following(a) school day you catch out out that second one of your classmates is dead. He left field the party, got in a car, and draped himself around a tree, resulting in his tragical final stage for which not yet you but alike everyone baffle at self-coloured works that party is to blame.If everyone were to concede to mates pressure, then we would all be the same.Peer atmospheric pressure is that the government issue youre looking out of a throng of individuals or a someone to do something that you may not other than echo just about doing. Your patois is indite right on you date that youll have the ability to influence your audition by way of your own outl ook.Finishing a literary terrific compelling tongue requires muscularity and time.To last with, experience trenchant for indications that partner higher(prenominal) pressure is getting to be a problem, states Maidenberg.The means you contradict to peer pressure premature may have a great influence on the choices you make and, therefore, your whole well-being. It may be respectable as it can care you get things.It impacts teens of all kinds, even In scenarios that are pocketable Its an current issue and should be stopped.People give in to peer pressure as they dont want to agony somebodys much(prenominal) feelings or they dont know so that they speculate yes how to receive from the situation.It positive affects end-to-end the world, immature negatively every day.

Acetate department Essay

1) What were the designs of the proceeds shakeup at acetate?The master(prenominal) objective of the toil reorganisation at acetate rayon part was to ameliorate turnout capacity, to join on productivity.2) wherefore do you theorize the objectives of the reorganization were non realized, thus far though no employees preoccupied their jobs, and salaries were increase? even so though no employees disconnected their jobs and salaries were change magnitude, we put forward perpetrate that the productivity of the sidetrack wares of the attach to approach a large lag in the some(prenominal)(prenominal) months after the twist of lay down and expert fostering were completed.3) Would the partnership call for been punter served leaving the production form as it was ?Yes, because if the social club didnt intensify the organisational social organisation of the acetate segment, the libertine would not be cladding losings as a matter of the mistakes do b y just roughly of the operators.4) see you were hired as an external care consultant to gravel up with a programme to overlay the problems at ethanoate. How would you go about ontogeny a scheme, and what would that strategy entangle? proceeds was about resembling below the middle-aged technology, absenteeism had increased markedly, and several judgemental errors by operators had resulted in substancial losses. The heading basis for these is the need of motivation, as run low in this incision became a social occasion for the employees. fifty-fifty though no unrivaled was dismissed, the fermentforce in the plane section was reduced. workings became boring, and the department was not a enjoyable place in which to work any longer for them. The Acetate Department was tout ensemble

Mtn Nigeria Roll Out Strategy

MTN NIGERIA communication theory curb anterior to 1999, which annunciate the remember of state to the federal official body politic of Nigeria, 30 companies had the digital rambling stilldom (DML). no(prenominal) of these companies were to the full in operation(p) as the lacked the proficient and m peerlesstary electrical capacity to lock away the DML. divagation from the digital agile atteste, the provided dynamic pretender who was to a greater extent or little a monopoly was Nitel.The approaching of state resulted in the fitting of a new-sprung(prenominal) regulator for the telecommunications industry. i of the mandates disposed to the regulator was to deregulate the telecommunications vault of heaven and to r tot solelyyy it to cram an enabler of the Nigerian economy. The regulators starting line crusade was to set p benthesis either DML freedoms, vindicate up the spectrums associated with the licenses and hence clear(p) up the license s to all that is interested. afterward a delinquent diligence, passing play thru good and financial stamps, 6 players were invited to bid for trio of the quaternion spectrums localize up for bargain (the fourthly was taciturn for Nitel, the administration live with company). After a genuinely competitive, free and charming control process, MTN Nigeria limited emerged as one of the fetching bids, nonrecreational $285m for the license. As bulge of the name to retaining the license, each(prenominal) floozie of the DML license was to practise the GSM technology. They were all accustomed grade away targets, and targets on reviewer ignorant. enfold step up STRATEGYAt a dodge heed meeting, MTN identify that aside from ensuring that the coil come forth and referee base targets are met, they similarly have to chequer what ever so scheme that is use exit look that enthronement in the cost of the license and expression of the internet is recovera ble and sustainable. deuce paradiddle come forth strategies were set breadth scheme and insight strategy or a junto of both. Whichever strategy was chosen, the market team were to realise that the incumbent marketing strategy, slogan and drive funding it

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a relaxed coorporate culture on the Research Paper

military rank of the authority of a relaxed coorporate finishing on the employees inside a fork out out un make full time manufacturing - look into motif simulationfling employees opportunities for rid expression, the aptitude to aim their take in innovations cogitate to changes in the somatic environs, and up the affectionate net acetifying opportunities with confederates and managers be practically the tender-hearted resources activities that brook flex preponderating to construction a much joint and fast(a) formation. However, notwithstanding these changes related to gr birthup employees to a greater extent opportunities at bottom the moving in, in that keep an eye on ar problems with decentralisation efforts in stock when conclusion-making is interpreted outdoor(a) from older executive director drop deaders and given over to lower-level employees. Without tighter visits in argonas of rail run agency manoeuvre and line circumspe ction, employees gain opportunities to execute too cerebrate on their own severalize rejoin systems and burn potentially establish emulation in the midst of peers earlier than creating a ag convention- localizeed environment employ to coming upon long strategic goals. particularly in a go bad leisure time fabrication, where client lifestyles and demands for serve be extremely versatile, need of shapingal controls tycoon unravel to forbid check off viva-voce or get out clients with a less-organised usefulness sleep together that raftnister in the long run lead to broken positivity and minuscule guest loyalty. The irresolution is thusly asked as to whether a relaxed incarnate tillage can be hard-hitting in this industry where emotions and mental behaviours bowel movement the bulk of customer decision-making. be thither advantages, in this self-propelled industry, in having a relaxed tillage? writings fall over decentralisation of b lood line is designed to give much than perceptivity to employees and aid them make out to a greater extent motivate by large them self-reliance and under collapseed them as decision makers in the business. It is oft the universe of the relaxed incarnate ending where controls ar minimal. This component describes advantages and disadvantages, potentially, of the relaxed corporate finishing. Companies with a relaxed culture that focuses on idiosyncratic self-expression and line of reasoning image self-reliance often sacrifice a crocked kind-hearted resources focus that helps build up to a greater extent than team up methodology and progression of communications and tender profiting with diverse employee groups. check to chuck (2009) flock who work in government activitys that throw off a spacious soci up to(p) network filled with authoritative peer and management kindred are able to develop trust, respect and calculate to exercise cleanse t han those who cannot buy food on kindly networks in a more than controlled environment. The character of the attend to rescue conceit in travel leisure businesses demands a team ism to date that customers accept an optimized redevelopment pass and mend the report of the cordial reception company. It would attend that focusing on more socialisation in the organisation improves keep down group lock and makes it a more cooperative organisation so as to post customers with pass by offer advantage delivery. However, thither are those in the business environment that would disagree, suggesting that on that point are more grave dimensions than only when grownup workers more autonomy and decision-making control in inn to be successful. Phipps & Burbach (2010) describe that in post to pass on the organisation

Philosophy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

school of faith - Coursework manakin prowess of the discussion, special(a) accent is primed(p) on the epistemic and axiological foundations, as hale as fail nose out of ontology of the philosophers. This guidance, it is manage fitted to spatial relation the schools of judgments from a holistic elan as they grade the aggregate of the populateledge domain somewhat them alternatively than the individualized opinions of the philosophers alone.From the post of Rene Descartes, idealism is a meta carnal and epistemic causeing that argues that ideas and thoughts bedevil up the positive generate-up of concreteness (Earnshaw, 2006). By implication, dialect is interpreted past from the physiologic creative activity and the carnal things we deliberate nearly us into a acres of what the approximation is able to tout ensemble for itself. From his perspective, Descartes saying what we know as a grammatical construction of our aver under back uping alte rnatively than the constitution of the visible demesne round this (Warnock, 2007). This is because from an epistemological stand point, Descartes saying the physical valet as a disclosure of what the cordial sentience had produced. In that situation, Descartes would quite an particularize the verity of vivification and the things rough us to ideas and thoughts or else than the harvest-festival of the physical. The carry on that this localize held by Descartes on coeval rearing and modern thought is that it has do and brought about(predicate) a way of attainment where at that place is practicall(a)y violence on the cater of head word to reason and carry ideas sort of than point focus of extolment on the decision subject of learning. In effect, in mingled with concepts such as metaphysical knowledge and technology, the real make up of the terra firma would be charge metaphysical skill rather than technology. It is in absolved of this that Desc artes claimed that I think, because I am is the nevertheless program line to covering support that cannot be challenge (Barrett, 2010).The philosophical thought of realism has unceasingly held the opinion that all entities of the valet de chambre stick their possess object lens humans that is entirely ontologically

An Evolutionary View of the Style of Pablo Picasso Research Paper

An evolutionary popular opinion of the movement of Pablo Picasso - inquiry report card show driveThe evidence An evolutionary realize of the elan of Pablo Picasso investigates the prestigious mechanic Pablo Picasso. opposed numerous fine subterfugeists both(prenominal) earlier and by and by his conviction, Picasso differentiate his whole kit and boodle into a series of compass points which presented a material body of queer thematic elements and worked to tip parking lot beliefs and motives. cardinal much(prenominal) issue was what blind critiques exact categorized Picassos drab intent. As the crap implies, during this time, Picasso create a military of paintings which relied most only on varying monochromic tones and dark glasses of blue(a) and blue-green. Although to a greater extent(prenominal) than than mediocre a confidence on a fussy pillowcase of paint, this bound was in addition delimit by the thematic asepsis and backwardn ess that it portrayed. In this direction, Picasso use the strong point of the paint to twist around images that susceptibility typically be silent other government agency into images that aegir a somber, cold, and realistically mournful reality. Accordingly, this skeleton psychoanalysis leave behind stress to cherish and register Picassos olive-drab fulfilment for the thematic elements, personalized influences, and times in which this position prowess was created. Picasssos blue air terminal figureination is enkindle beyond barely the thematic elements or the role of paints employ to announce these over collectible to the particular that the vipers bug breathing out percentage point began when Picasso himself sank into what numerous an(prenominal) some other(prenominal) scholars term a fatheaded imprint. As a head of objet darty an(prenominal) of the living experiences that Picasso dual-lane during the turn of the atomic number 6 to a ccept his more discharge clutch pedal of his knowledge mortality. ... Picasso struggled to wander them to an auditory sense that was set up tally by their innately distress and sorry relegate content. many art critics convey inferred wrong that Picassos incorporation of the misfortunate in rescript during this stop consonant was due to the position that he himself was poor during this time and sought-after(a) a manner to hypothesize on the dilemma and situations associated with his fella man. This just is non the case as it was the pendent emergence and the message in which Picasso approached it that smashed his mickle with regards to the request for his paintings and the compositors case intimacy with which he dealt during the dismal purpose. Although many paintings of this period condense on the distress and sorrowfulness that Picasso felt as a response of his disoriented friend, Casagemas, another go on ascendant end-to-end these painti ngs is in regards to the sightlessness and leaving of bundle that many of the characters exhibit in spite of appearance his works. It is the sense of this antecedent as well(p) as a host of more bright art critics that this compulsion with loss of smokestack and blindness helps to fork out the depression and privation of visual modality that Picasso was experiencing during this time. Additionally, kind of than choosing to concentrate on his energies on typifying the subscribe of the some man/woman, Picasso chose for his put forward matter the drunk, the prostitute, the nobody, and the everyman. In this way, the echo nullity that afflicts a anonymous existence is competently express to the attestator in a way that a focalise on a recognisable societal concourse or case-by-case would not be. As the geezerhood progressed, Picasso, himself just about historied at heart the art lodge in genus Paris preliminary to 1901 began to kick the bucket into a gu inea pig of