Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde...

Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson In an attempt to consider the duality tale, one narrative inevitably finds its way to the top of the heap as the supreme archetype: Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Immense disagreement permeates the pages of literary criticism relevant to the meaning of the story. Yet, for all of the wrangling focused on the psychology, morality, spirituality, and sociality of the story, it has remained, since 1886, a novella that according to the Reverend W. J. Dawson, gives Stevenson â€Å"a place apart, and high above all contemporaries, as an interpreter of the deepest things of the soul† (qtd. in Abbey 318). Not content to merely†¦show more content†¦He was determined to be more a man of letters than of numbers and ultimately broke out of the engineering/law mold and devoted himself to the written word. Stevenson was first published in 1876, in his mid-twenties, as his essays began to appear in Cornhill Magazine (Columbia). His work was first published in book form in 1878 when the travel story An Inland Voyage was made available to English readers. After his marriage in 1880 to Frances Osbourne (known to him as Fanny), Stevenson’s popularity grew with the publication of Treasure Island (1883) and A Child’s Garden of Verses (1885), a volume never out of print. His financial success, however, was secured in 1886 with the novels Kidnapped and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Jekyll and Hyde had originally belonged to a genre known as the shilling shocker (Stephen 1137). But soon after its publication, the public learned that Stevenson was not merely a writer of adventure romances and children’s rhymes. In a letter to W. H. Low, in January of 1886, Stevenson had referred to his novella as a Gothic Gnome (qtd. in Abbey 311). And in this gnome of prose the public experienced the literary prowess of an author who could take a theme as profound as the dual nature of man, one that had been a part of western thinking since at least the Apostle Paul[1], andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, By Robert Louis Stevenson1323 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly represented in the literature of the time. An excellent example is, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Robert Louis Stevenson, which gives a direct image of what Victorian era was like with his writing style as well as the story itself. Specifically, Steve nson portrays exactly how Victorian social life commenced as well as displays the main points of social standards of the time. Robert Louis Stevenson uses individual characters in the novella to accurately depict how people protectedRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson1530 Words   |  7 Pageslocation in the 1800’s during the Victorian era in this novel. As the story unfolds in the classic literature novel, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† written by Robert Louis Stevenson, the magnificent city of London becomes a darker and mysterious location. The powerful city of London embodied the freedom and solitude required for the antagonist of the story, Mr. Hyde to hide his wicked behavior from the society as a whole. According to the history of the Victorian age, â€Å"Traditional waysRead MoreIdeas Of Good And Evil Follow From The Earliest Of Days.847 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow fr om the earliest of days. Robert Louis Stevenson’s parents lived devout in their Christianity, but Stevenson did not follow their ideas. G.B. Stern suggests that â€Å"Although he had rejected the Calvinist doctrines his parents taught him, the focus of the interplay of good and evil continued to influence his imagination† (Stern). Stevenson forced his parents away, but their ideas stayed in his thoughts and even affected The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His past affected his writingRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreAn Analysis Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1729 Words   |  7 PagesTaking a Closer Look into the Story and Author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Nothing Mr. Stevenson has written as yet has so strongly impressed us with the versatility of his very original genius. An anonymous review in â€Å"The Times† noted Robert Louis Stevenson for his intelligence in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The review continued with saying that the story, be read as a finished study in the art of fantastic literature. Whoever was the anonymous person to state these things aboutRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde and the novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson showcase the Victorian era. With memorable characters like Aunt Augusta, accustomed to tea time and addicted to her cucumber sandwiches, and the loveable Dr. Jekyll, driven by his own devilish work, one is almost able to hear the trotting of horses with carriages on cobblestone streets. While the thought of high society and misty mor nings is appealing, bothRead MoreDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: A View Into Societal Changes in the 19th Century1398 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Louis Stevenson was born on November 13, 1850, in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland. Throughout his childhood he was told morbid tales from the Bible, as well as Victorian penny-serial novels that he would carry with him throughout his years and what would place the greatest impact on his writing.[1] In 1886, he published a novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, based on a man with pure intentions, who ends up turning himself into a viscous murderer. Dr. Henry Jekyll is a well-knownRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay557 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Everyone has heard of Jekyll and Hyde. The two infamous characters that portray the main roles in The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde. Yet, even with this phenomenal status of the book, surprisingly, not many people know what is really represented inside its pages. Firstly, to understand what made The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde a classical story known by young and old alike, we must look at where it began. AsRead MoreCharacter Analysis On Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde.Jean Paul1213 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Analysis on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Jean Paul Richter defines doppelgà ¤ngers as â€Å"people who see themselves.† One would think that such would be the case for the two main characters in the book The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, but it is quite the opposite (until the end of the novel when the reader finds out that the two main characters are in fact one). Dr. Jekyll creates Mr. Hyde in the hopes of expelling evilness and temptation from himself,Read MoreDr. Jekyll s Death Or Disappearance Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesexamines Dr. Jekyll s will, which he remembers had strange stipulations referring to the Mr. Hyde Enfield discussed. The will provides that in the case of Henry Jekyll s death or disappearance, all of his possessions should be given to the Edward Hyde. Utterson was uncomfortable when Jekyll originally requested this stipulation, and is further upset by it after hearing of Mr. Hyde s despicable behavior. After considering the implications of the will with what he has learned about Edward Hyde, Utterson

Red, White, and Black Essay - 1123 Words

The complexities of race effected the Jacksonian era through the shrewdness of the white man’s desires for economic expansion. Democracy, during its infancy in early nineteenth century America, considered all ‘people’ as equals. However, this designation of ‘people’ excluded African and Native Americans. The institution of slavery was a return investment venture for southern planters in their greed for the production of more staple crops. Many white Americans led extravagant lifestyles from the large incomes they received from the labors of their property. Also, the controversy over removing the Native American’s from their lands portrayed the voracity in which the European Americans afflicted upon the native civilizations during the†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the rise of the economy pivoted to issues of race while antislavery advocates held political reservations. (W- 4) Henry Clay was one of the most prominent abolitionists during the Jacksonian era and preached against the evils of slavery. Clay voiced his convictions to the American people that the longer slavery continued, the more difficult the demonic system would be to end; and as an acclaimed politician, supplemented his assertion with the human condition. Clay declared it was in a person’s nature that they were satisfied with their current state and even the African slave was acclimated to being a permanent piece of property. Clay insisted for the leaders of the nation to amend the antebellum connotation of democracy for the emancipation of all African slaves so that men could be truly happy and not deprived of their human rights. Clay, like most abolitionists in the early antebellum years, maintained that slavery ascribed prejudices that deceived the public’s bigotry of black Africans. Thus, the followers of the antislavery creed became militant in their movement in the northe rn portion of the United States as they denounced slavery. Yet, the majority of American citizens disliked abolitionists, even more so than slavery and Africans; as they were convinced that blacks were inferior to the ‘white’ race. In politics, a man whom criticized slavery was condemned in the south and alienated in the north. Politicians feared that the debateShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Black And White And Red All Over?1529 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is black and white and red all over? A newspaper? No, a modern kitchen decorative design is black and white and red all over. In a large black and white kitchen, white cupboards, white appliances, and white tile are basic white additions to the kitchen. Black countertop appliances, black fleck countertop design, and black barstools provide perfect accessories for the black and white kitchen. Bursts of red color displayed on colorful placemats, canisters, and floral arrangements can be used toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Invisible Man By Irving Howe1584 Words   |  7 PagesWhile the color black is portrayed as being synonymous with negativity, Ellison takes it a step further by implementing a blatant contrast to black’s connotations, by showing the color white in a visibly positive light. When our narrator begins a job at the Optic White Paint Factory, he is taught how to create what is considered the purest white paint to be created for the painting of national monuments and other buildings of prestige. This usage of white paint already points to how white is a color meantRead MoreColor Symbolism, The Invisible Man, By Irving Howe1584 Words   |  7 PagesWhile the color black is portrayed as being synonymous with negativity, Ellison takes it a step further by implementing a blatant contrast to black’s connotations, by showing the color white in a visibly positive light. When our narrator begins a job at the Optic White Paint Factory, he is taught how to create what is considered the purest white paint to be created for the painting of national monuments and other buildings of prestige. This usage of white paint already points to how white is a color meantRead MoreRed’s Redemption- Shawshank Redemption1169 Words   |  5 PagesEllis â€Å"Red† Redding and Andy Dufresne and their twenty-year stint at the Shawshank State Penitentiary. Red (a guilty man) is serving a life sentence for murder, Andy (an innocent man) is serving consecutive life sentences for the murder of his wife and her lover. Throughout the film, Red and Andy form an unlikely friendship that transcends age, race, and class boundaries that ultimately leads to Red’s spiritual redemption and freedom. The film is set up for a classic white and black pairingRead MoreSuffrage of African Americans in Red Summer written by Cameron McWhirter1113 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book Red Summer written by Cameron McWhirter, we learn about the suffrage of African Americans after World War 1. At this time, blacks had been searching for peace and equality. Historian Cameron McWhirter in his book says, â€Å"many people—including black families with returning soldiers—fervently hoped 1919 would usher in a new epoch of peace, prosperity, and freedom.† Instead of getting what they wished for however, there was a series of violence such as lynchings and anti-black riots thatRead MoreFairies of the Heart are All Around Us Essay540 Words   |  3 Pagesborn, a red one, the love of friends. This fairy was the girls largest fairy. This fairy floated above all the others and always shined brightest and pushed her hardest. Then when the young girl had become a young woman she gained a third fairy. This fairy was a light yellow, almost white, color, that appeared when she first started to fall in love. This fairy shined when she felt her fairy connect with that of her lovers. One day the young woman and her lover were talking. Her white fairy wasRead MoreDance Marathon905 Words   |  4 Pageswith a red cross over a doors way. To the left o the door way you see a lady that is in all white from head to toe. To the right of the doorway, there are men sitting and one man standing at a table and they are placed under a red sign that has white lettering that says â€Å"Winner takes all Couples $1000 Solo $500†. Right next to the red sign there is another sign that says â€Å"49th day† placed above a Mickey Mouse clock. The bleachers on the right hand side of the painting there is a man in a black suitRead MoreThe Effect of Colors on Mood936 Words   |  4 PagesTHE EFFECT OF COLORS ON MOOD Introduction Got the blues. Green-eyed monster. Seeing Red. These are all phrases that we hear often. Do different colors really affect our moods? Many studies have shown that some colors make us feel calm, some make us feel anxious, and others may make us feel more cheerful. Lets take a look at some colors, their affect on us, their meanings, and some different views in other cultures. The Effect of Colors on Mood Colors and moods: A powerful mood-altering tool Read MoreDarwin s Theory Of Natural Selection1288 Words   |  6 Pagesspecies of 6 different alleles for coat colors had to be made. We had the colors black, white, red, blue, green, and yellow. There needed to be 4 people in the groups, one being a sorter, another being a counter, and the remaining two being predators; I was a predator. To begin the experiment, I first had to spread out the cloth that my group was assigned, which acted as the habitat. Our habitat was a floral tablecloth with red, purple, and tan flowers with green leaves and a navy blue background. ThenRead MoreThe Role of Color in The Scarlet Letter Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesLetter, the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism through colors such as red, black and white in the form of sunlight, to represent emotions and ideologies of Hester and the people around her. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the color red significantly throughout The Scarlet Letter to show its importance of symbolism in the emotions of sin and passion that it represents. The first example in The Scarlet Letter is the red rose that is growing by the prison door (2), which represents Hester’s pride and

Nigerian oil Exporting Economy

Question: How oil prices affect AD and AS of an Economy? Answer: Introduction: Oil is a very important resource for any country. It forms the backbone for any economy to survive. Petroleum is made from crude oil, an important fossil fuel. If the supply of petroleum stops then the world would come to a standstill. Without oil, there would not be any vehicle on the road (Abiri, Emiri and Deinduomo, 2009). This would lead to basically no production of goods as raw materials cannot be taken from one place to another. Going to the work place or school that is located in far off places would not be possible without the use of petroleum. Petroleum has the potential to make the world go round. Petroleum is also used for life-saving purpose. In case of medical emergencies, people have relied on helicopter and ambulance services to reach the hospital on time. In this research paper, we see how an oil exporting economy Nigeria has been affected by the oil price fluctuations in the global scenario. The nation is seen to be over dependent upon the crude oil export that has made the country vulnerable to oil price shocks. Determinates of oil price: Oil is considered to be a high demand commodity so any fluctuation in its price will have a significant impact on the economy. The oil prices are affected by 1) Supply and demand 2) Sentiments in the market. It is seen that as demand raises, prices also increases and vice versa. In case of oil market, the scenario may be different as oil future market determines the prices of oil. A person can purchase at a definite price and date as per the contract with the future oil market (Abraham, 2006). On the selected date, buyers and sellers they obligate to fulfil their transaction. There are two types of future traders they are speculators and hedgers. Hedgers are the airline owners who buy future oils to guard against any oil price rise. Speculators are those who study on the future oil prices. Effects of low oil prices in an economy: There is both positive and negative impact associated with low prices. An economy that is exporting oil will not prefer in the exploration of new oil field when they see global oil prices are falling. The importing countries are in an advantageous position as they can import in large amount. This will, as a result, lower the overall price situation in the economy. The economy also faces a lower future inflation (CosseÃÅ' , 2006). Exporting countries are the ones who are in a disadvantageous position. A large sector of the population is employed in this sector for their source of income. With shut down of oil companies, a countrys unemployment situation is seen to rise. For the United States economy, it was seen that consumers benefited from the falling oil price. The trend showed a boom in the States, but it is likely to jeopardize with continued pressure on oil prices (Falola and Genova, 2005). This might lead to energy companies to cut down on development and production. Invest ment in oil and energy services would also become moderate. Effect on the Nigerian Economy: Nigeria as an oil exporting economy: Nigeria Delta region is located at the top of Gulf of Guinea, on the west coast of Africa. This region consists of nine dominant oil producing states, and local government area has about 185. This region consists of 800 oil producing communities and almost over 900 oil producing wells. Nigerian delta region is the largest tertiary delta system and is the extreme prolific hydrocarbon zone (Haerens, 2010). The Nigerian Basin has huge deposition of petroleum, and current oil generation is also done from this region. The main source of oil and gas belongs to the deltaic tertiary system. This region is also covered with dense mangrove forests. The past five decades have shown that a total of 1182 wells has been drilled in the Nigerian Basin, and about 400 oil and gas locations has been documented. Trend in Oil Prices in Nigeria: There was not much fluctuation in the oil prices between September 2014 and March 2015. The trend was comparatively stable in the last year. Nigeria Crude Oil Production Month Sept,2014 Oct,2014 Nov,2014 Dec,2014 Jan,2015 Feb,2015 March,2015 Crude oil Production 2470 2320 2440 2440 2470 2470 2420 Consequences of Low global oil prices in the Nigerian Economy: Nigeria had been the beneficiary of an oil boom in the year 1999 when the military rule came to an end. In the year 2008, the prices of a barrel rose from $10 t0 $100. In the late June 2014, it has remained above $100. Since June 2014, the prices were seen to fall over by more than 30 percentages. The OPEC has ordered to cut down production. A major production cut in Saudi Arabia would help the oil prices to recover to $100 per barrel. This has caused alarm in many oil-dependent states such as Nigeria. Nigeria is considered as prostate despite the increase in the non-petro sectors. The profit as much as 90 percentages from the petroleum industry goes to Nigerian government. The government accrues revenue of about 80 percentages from petroleum and 90 percentages and more from the exports. This is leading to a serious issue for the countrys political class (Yeomans, 2004). The expenditures of the government were pertaining to the petroleum industry play a major role to sustain patronag e networks that help run Nigeria (Idemudia, 2007). The countries worsening the political situation is likely to get worsen with election approaching. Nigeria is considered the largest economy in the African continent. Boko Haram Insurgency displaced Nigerian refugees moving to Cameroon, and Ebola outbreak are some of the challenging economic and political issues. The Nigerian economy is seen to face tremors of instability, and this has affected the entire Africa. The federal budget of Nigeria follows a conservative approach to estimating the world oil price (Krichene, 2008). By using a certain formula, the federal government distributes oil revenue among the states and government authorities. The government authorities only can gain in this way rather than local tax collection (Li and Molina, 2014). The oil production is also seen to be falling. The production of Nigerian oil was expected to be 2.5 million barrels of oil per day, but the actual production was about 1.9 million barre ls reflecting that there was fall in the investment in the industry. The relationship between oil companies could not be established as there are still some flows that exist. Due to major political and security concerns, the international oil companies are shutting down operation in the area. In the last decade, we see that almost half of the production of Nigerian oil was exported to the United States. Imports of United States were also limited as they had their own hydraulic fracturing and availability of oil near their place (Nakaya, 2006). The president of Nigeria suggested that Nigeria should start marketing in the Asian market. This might require some new customers to meet the emerging requirements. With fall in the revenue for the Government of Nigeria, the president calculated the budget twice from the estimate of $78 per barrel to $65. The national currency has also depreciated with the fall in oil prices. As a result, foreign reserves have eroded (Steinberg, Swaray and Moy o, 2008). The currency Naira was devaluated by 8% in 2014. The government is trying to keep targeted Naira between 160 to 175 US dollars. If the oil prices continue to fall, it could pose an obstacle in conducting a free and fair election in the economy. To capture and control a wealth of oil a fierce struggle has been demonstrated. The central governor has shocked the country last year when he claimed $20bn state oil by the state oil companys of Nigeria. Oil extraction has ruined the deltas of Nigeria as a result has hampered fishing and farming. Effect of Oil Prices is Nigeria (AD-AS): The overall prices are affected by the prices of oil. The effect of reduced oil prices on the Nigerian Economy is explained through aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. By Aggregate demand we mean the total goods and services demanded in an economy at a given time period. Aggregate supply is the supply of total services and goods in an economy at a certain time period (Ross, 2012). Aggregate demand is downward sloping and aggregate supply is upward rising in the short run. Diagram: The economy is at equilibrium at point A initially where the curves of AD1 and AS1 curve intersects. Due to some assumption, the aggregate demand shifts to the left and aggregate supply shifts to the right. The result of shifting leads the economy to equilibrium B. This situation leads to price level to increase from P1 to P2. Output level also increases from Y1 to Y2. The falling oil prices have no positive impact on the economy. Conclusion: PwC has predicted that the recent fall in oil prices will help Nigerian business to move from their reliance over oil to other issues. This will help the economy to be stronger. Nigeria is an attractive place for investors. Nigeria has huge source of commercial energy untapped. This commercial energy must be tapped to gather more economic stability. A tough decision is to be taken by the government and different enterprise to see how the fiscal discipline and strategic plan operates. References Abiri, K., Emiri, F. and Deinduomo, G. (2009).Law and petroleum industry in Nigeria. Lagos: Malthouse Press. Abraham, M. (2006).The Gulf oil and gas sector. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. CosseÃÅ' , S. (2006).Strengthening transparency in the oil sector in Cameroon. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, African and Policy Development and Review Depts. Falola, T. and Genova, A. (2005).The politics of the global oil industry. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Haerens, M. (2010).Oil. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Greenhaven Press/Gale, Cengage Learning. Idemudia, U. (2007).Corporate partnerships and community development in the Nigerian oil industry. Geneva: UN Research Institute for Social Development. Krichene, N. (2008).Crude oil prices. [Washington, D.C.?]: International Monetary Fund. Li, X. and Molina, M. (2014).Oil. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. Nakaya, A. (2006).Oil. Detroit .: Greenhaven Press. Ross, M. (2012).The oil curse. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Steinberg, C., Swaray, S. and Moyo, J. (2008).Nigeria. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund. Yeomans, M. (2004).Oil. New York: New Press.

Walking on Glass Review Essay Example

Walking on Glass Review Paper Essay on Walking on Glass Perhaps we ought to give the impression to stand, but I am afraid that did not have the guts then to write anything. The book for me is very contradictory, it leaves a very bright, some magic seems so simple and talent of napisano.Sostoit three stories, at first unrelated to each other, but each is itself an interesting and unique, for a mediocre author, each could be the basis of the book, if it is complicated, heavier parts, in turn roman.Zdes there is nothing superfluous, in each event developed by Mr. melted, and all the details of the author thought, all playing the intrigue, keeps in suspense, and, reading with interest a story, do not forget about the other and think, what is it? Waiting, that such a complex form of the author offers not casual that everything explained in the finals, all the stories intertwine, in spite of the different worlds inhabited by characters and of course, they agree, is not only intertwined, and lightly touching each other, leaving us even in a loss We will write a custom essay sample on Walking on Glass Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Walking on Glass Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Walking on Glass Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Beginning to reflect, you realize that most stories are connected at a deep, philosophical level Than the plot. The main conclusion to me that the reality of the existence in our see, whether in the world easily flows into a paranoid fantasy, madness, that seems understandable, is based on some strange and terrible reason ,, and the man who wants to know the truth, can not perceive its severity, it is easier to commit suicide However, since I am in the naive belief that the work of art and literature is required to carry a positive charge, and here I dig for themselves what is encouraging. ..Zamok, windswept snow and recorded, which play in the puzzle, hoping for rescue, the two old people, and understand in the end that they can only rely on themselves to cooling down the earth Red Crow, lies in wait for every gesture and squeeze the last nadezhdu- a powerful, scary and stunning image! Surreal, creepy dalievskaya desert with stools, receding into the distance, on each of which there is a man who lives his life not Portrait of a beautiful girl fly in the dirt channel, because a dream is destroyed and faith The unfortunate lunatic -odinochka, priobrotshy represented homeless for long friend and brutally deceived by them . In any deadlock saves only human warmth and participation. However, there is so little around I think, however, that the essence of what is meant by, slipped away from me I would like to know the opinion of professionals and amateurs of books about this extraordinary product.