Discuss causes of the Protestant Reformation.How the did these causes Essay

Discuss causes of the Protestant Reformation.How the did these causes shape the basic ideas of Lutheranism and make it different from Catholicism Explain how C - Essay Example It was because of the institution of these Protestant Churches that the Catholic Church began assessing the unfolding of events affecting the Catholic faith. The Catholic Church began to distinguish the imperfections and weakness of its traditions and practices and began to modify and search for solutions to the developing conflicts and dilemmas within and outside their Church and their followers (Rops 1961). In order to understand the origins of Protestant Church and the Reformation, it is essential to initially recognize that one of the arguments that the Roman Catholic Church defends is that of Apostolic succession. This implies that they claim a superior position over all other churches for the reason that they can trace the succession of Roman Catholic Popes from Apostle Peter. In their belief this provides the Roman Catholic Church a distinctive authority that prevails over other churches. This Apostolic succession can only be located in the Catholic Church and no other unrelated churches to it have any legitimate claim to it. It is due to this apostolic succession that the Catholic Church claims a privileged command to interpret the Scriptures and to ascertain the doctrine, in addition to the claim of possessing a supreme religious head in the figure of the Pope who is seen as a perfect human being. Hence, according to the perspective of the Roman Catholic, the preaching or practices of the Catholic Church as they originate from the Pope are mutually as perfect and powerful as the Scripture they interpret (Rops 1961). This is one of the primary dissimilarities between Catholics and Protestants and also one of the initial causes of the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was an impressive movement of emancipation from religious oppression, and a justification of the sacred privileges of conscience in issues of religious conviction; Luther’s daring act at the Diet of Worms, in front of the two most powerful figures in the world, the

Bank Lending (Loan Propsal) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Bank Lending (Loan Propsal) - Essay Example elocate to the new building--which would save the company an amount of more than $9,000 per month on the rental of premises where they operate from at present—at this time it is not recommended that Lettera Pty Ltd be allowed to have a loan. If the company is afforded a loan, it should be loaned the money with special restrictions. The business for which the loan is being applied is a family printing business. Old Mr Lewis is the director, and he is assisted by the two co-directors of his sons. This business was started five years ago by Mr Lewis, after having a twenty-year stint as a technical supervisor at a competitor printing company. That being said, his technical4 knowledge with regard to printing is superior. He emphasizes quality, and as such all of the machines used by Lettera must be imported from Germany as per Mr Lewis’s predilection. Both of Mr Lewis’s sons became involved with the business’s management5 straightaway after they finished with school. It is Mr Lewis’s hope that the company be inherited by hs sons. The older son was involved with the business since its inception whilst his second son has been involved for the past two years. Actual printing activities are not the business of either of the sons. Rather, they deal with the financial management and general administration ends of the business. In addition, they also take care of marketing6 of Lettera’s services. This division of responsibility does well according to Mr Lewis: According to balance sheets, the business did not do remarkably well in the past, however the company’s position did improve quite a bit within the past year. This can be attributed to the fact that Lettera is the only printing business in the neighborhood where it does business. This is because a major print franchise which was located nearby closed down. Mr Lewis sees the local business as the principal source of business for Lettera’s services. This is seeing as how Lettera has gotten

Enhancing Correctional and Rehabilitation Results in Prision Research Paper

Enhancing Correctional and Rehabilitation Results in Prision - Research Paper Example In hindsight, in the 1970s, it was viewed that inmates who undergo rehabilitation are being left off easy and advocating such rehabilitations were seen as naivety. It is interesting to perceive that as society has been evolving through the years the propensity for criminal activities have also increased. But through the years, society changed its perception that indeed prisons must prepare the inmates in their re-entry to the community and not just serve as establishments to lock them up and serve their due time. Omar (2001) stated that â€Å"it is the general consensus that the fundamental objective of corrections is rehabilitation, whether such institutions are prisons, juvenile centers and other types of correctional institutions†. He added that the treatment process is directed towards the eventual return to the community of the inmates as law abiding and socially productive citizens. It is therefore the ultimate goal of correction facilities to reduce recidivism. Gaes et al. (1998) establishes that education, vocational training, and prison labor programs have decent effects on not only reducing criminal recidivism but also increasing positive behavior in prison. Although it was concluded that sex offender interventions proved to have been the most problematic. Treatments and rehabilitation practices should be adjusted and fitted to specific offender deficits. It is also worth noting that juvenile interventions yield better and stronger results than adult rehabilitations. Gaes et al. (1998) focused on four domains of adult intervention; 1) cognitive skills training, 2) intensive in-prison drug treatment, 3) educational instruction, vocational, and industrial training, and 4) sex-offender treatment. Based on meta-analyses, qualitative analyses, and reviews of component elements of successful programs, it was established that the most success in terms of criminal recidivism was achieved through emphasis on cognitive and skill building techniques. This approach is able to correct impulsivity by teaching consequential thinking, fatalistic thinking by practicing assessment of the role their thinking has affected their actions, antisocial behavior by teaching them skills for them to be prosocial, and social adjustments by teaching self-control techniques (Gaes et al., 1998) Aside from behavioral deficiencies, it is also an established fact that individuals under the influence of illegal drugs have greater tendency to commit crimes, and Gaes et al. (1998) notes that the level of crime is dramatically amplified by the use of drugs. It is of then a necessity in correctional facilities to incorporate drug rehabilitations for the inmates so as for them not to regress back to using such substances once they are released to society. While this approach is successful in reducing drug relapse of the criminals for up to 18months upon release, proper monitoring and probationary status must also be implemented to avoid recidivism. Gaes et al. ( 1998) also cites that prison education and work programs improve the inmates’ institutional behavior and promote prosocial activities after the release. By increasing the inmates’ functional literacy, the chances of having a lawful job opportunities also increases. Such an approach also promotes the maturity of the individuals, equipping them with better decision-making skills that are vital for them to keep them away from crime after release. Gaes et al. (199

Omnivores Dilemma - A Natural History of Four Meals is a Nonfiction Essay

Omnivores Dilemma - A Natural History of Four Meals is a Nonfiction Book by Michael Pollan - Essay Example The book illustrates the American way of living from the source to the final meal that is eaten. From an economic viewpoint, there are many shortcomings of the book worth noting, such as in the Pollan’s self financed meals; he only focuses on what is before his eyes and ignores the macroeconomic factors that influence the transparency of the cost of foods, which is not attainable within the interconnectedness of the markets. Essentially, Omnivore’s Dilemma is a book about the state of America’s food production, consumption, regulation and distribution (Tyler, 2006). Food Chain Food chains are usually applied in ecological modelling, which provides a continuous variable for measuring passage of energy through various linear linkages from the lowest to the highest trophic feeding levels. Long food chain lengths are unstable with increasing length increases with the ecosystem size and reduction of energy at every successive level. Food chain lengths vary from three to six or even more levels. For example, a four-level food chain will consist of a flower, a frog, a snake and an owl. A five-level food chain may consist of the grass, a grasshopper, a rat, a snake and an owl. The organisms that use solar energy or heat energy to synthesize starch are the producers, such as plants. Consumers are those organisms that feed on other organisms, whereas, all food chains begin with the producer then progresses to the consumer. Therefore, all organisms within a food chain except the first one are all consumers. This fascinating journey through the food chain does not make Pollan a preacher, but he is engrossed in his thoughtfulness and so much dogged a researcher to let ideology take over him. He is surely not a writer who is afraid of soiling his hands in the quest for a better understanding on the manner in which modern food is produced. For example, he does everything from buying his cow to the slaughterhouse, then ultimately to the dinner table. Polla n really capture how Americans eat today from the fast food to the big organic to the locally sourced, ultimately to foraging for dinner armed with a rifle. This idea examines the human diet from capitalism to consumption (Pollan, 2006). National Eating Disorder Americans have changed the way they eat and the usual question that arises daily is based on what will be taken for dinner. This is a simple question that can evolve to be very complex as one tries to figure it out. The evolution of human culture has a great influence on how peoples’ native wisdom about eating, such that the way people eat is riddled with confusion and anxiety. Most ancient and venerable staple foods have abruptly disappeared from the American dinner tables and have made Americans to change the way they eat. This condition can be described as carbophobia. This was supplanted by lipophobia around 1977 when Americans were warned against loving the red meat during the Carter reign, which forced the Senat e committee to issue a set of dietary goals.  

Victoria's International expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Victoria's International expansion - Essay Example Victoria’s secret was established in San Francisco during 1970s by Roy Raymond. The aim of the firm was to provide women brands and be the highest producer in US. They were to produce different types of women brands and which were new in the market. For any company to sustain its customer in the market it has to set goal and be able to compete with its rivals and to forecast on how the company will be doing in the upcoming years (Goldman, 1999). For example, being the largest American retailer of lingerie, Victoria’s secrets competes with other companies to be the world distributors of women shop including brands such as bras, panties, sleepwear, clothing and shoes among others. Victoria’s secrets like any other company receives stiff competition from a company know as Gap which normally provides the same products at a lower price. This paper aims at undertaking an Internal Analysis of Victoria's Secret foreign expansion like in China, designing products for spec ific markets, manufacturing and advertisement. Additionally, the paper will discuss manufacture of the products and advertisements of the products Victoria’s secrets, a firm operating under monopolistic economic model, are faced with stiff competition from foreign expansions. ... In addition, China has the second largest economy after US. As A result, households enjoy high income thus enhancing their purchasing power leading to increased sales for Victoria’s secrets. Product design for specific markets Victoria’s secrets aim at designing its brands in such a way that the needs of its specific markets are met. For example, in China market where lingerie are on high demand, Victoria’s secretes will involve Chinese marketers and designers so as to come with a brand that is acceptable in China market. The company increases its sales by producing attractive design that makes the female customers to have a feeling of red carpet treatment. Manufacturing and advertisement Victoria’s secrets manufactures high quality brands to be used in foreign expansion like in China and makes sure that advertisement is done effectively to make sure that the brands are acceptable in the market. Similarly, since by keeping its prices competitive than its r ival, Victoria’s secrets targets upper class and middle class customers, the lower class customers are in most cases forced to go to Gap which offers the same products at a throw away prices. Key competitors that have emerged in the foreign immerged includes Maxx, Marshall’s and Homegoods. TJ Maxx and Marshall’s are huge competitors since they provide lingerie at discount prices for the middle and lower class (Monget, 2011). This has made the market to be more competitive and each company has to look the way forward to outdo their rivals. The strategy which Victoria’s company adopts is the introduction of new styles in the market and ideas that kept their products easily identifiable by the customers. Additionally, the company designs are attractive in the eyes of the customers. In

Germany and the Germans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Germany and the Germans - Essay Example According to the research "Germany and the Germans" findings Judea Declares War on Germany is a film which suggests that World War II was started by Jews who launched an economic boycott of Germany soon after Hitler's rise to power. The argument puts forward the premise that Germany was only defending itself following this attack, and that the war truly began with the Jewish declaration in 1933. Germany's position in the war was therefore not offensive, but defensive. This suggestion is completely ridiculous. No serious historian believes this, and the creators of this so-called documentary would not pass a fifth-grade history test. Germany's position throughout the 1930s was offensive. Hitler's views of Jews were well known from his book Mein Kampf. This documentary distorts history and is only useful as an example of anti-Semitic propaganda. Benjamin Freedman's speech in the 1960s, called Germany and the Jews: The Role of the Jews in WWI and WWII, is a similar example of historical revisionism and distortion. He talks about how many Jews were Communists and how Jews tried to control Germany after its loss in the First World War. All of this is the same kind of anti-Semitic propaganda as discussed above. It is not historically factual and it is offensive to those who understand what really happened during this years. Again claims are made that Jews control all of the media and all of the finance, again these so-called facts are not backed up with any evidence. The speech is all innuendo and makes belief.

Identifying and Explaining Physical skills and Physical techniques Essay Example for Free

Identifying and Explaining Physical skills and Physical techniques Essay Physical Skills * Arm height * Head position * Speed of arm rotations during delivery * Ability to bowl for extended periods of time * Speed of the run up Arm Height Effects of High Actions: * Extra bounce than usual * Extra pace and sometimes bowlers are able to skid the ball too * Extra Balance in the delivery stride * Extra accuracy, if the bowler has a side on action notably. Head Position This shows a delivery side on. The head position of this player is kept facing the target, straight and steady at all times. Focusing on the target will provide the following things: * The delivery will ultimately go where targeted at * No possible injuries to the neck; any sudden jerks will stretch the neck muscles and sometimes will result in strains and tears * It will help in the momentum and balance in the delivery stride Speed of Shoulder Rotations If a player wants to bowl quickly, the main aspects of bowling quickly is 1. The speed of which the shoulder rotates and 2. An explosive action. Shoaib Ahktar, for example, has both of these and bowls with tremendous pace, the rotations of his shoulder allow him to exceed speeds of over 9Omph each delivery. Ability to bowl for extended periods of time In this scorecard of a 1938 Test Match, M G Waite, a single bowler bowls 72 overs. In doing this requires massive Cardiovascular Endurance, Stamina and Motivation. Two other bowlers bowled over 😠¯ between them, but these bowlers were spinners. M G Waite was most likely to be a seam bowler so this type of bowler must be prepared for extensive bowling, including breaks at intervals though. Speed of the run up Fast bowlers such as Dennis Lillie and Michael Holding all ball with outstanding pace and to do this they must have a source: The Run Up. Both these bowlers have unusually long run ups, Dennis Lillies at 47 paces and Michael Holdings at 5O. Cardiovascular Endurance and Stamina play a big part in maintaining there pace and consistency The run up of these bowlers should be Smooth, Balanced, Economical, Rhythmic and Consistent. * Small steps initially; led to larger strides * The body leans forward * The arms stay close to the body * The hands remain in motion, carried above the waistband and the within the width of the trunk * The head remains steady, with the eyes fixed on the target.